Volume 10, Issue 7, July – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No: 2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul1072

Vulvar Cancer: One Case Report

Maha Lhaloui1*; Hassnaa Sarhane2; Youssef Essebbagh3; Nada Essaidi4;
Nermine Jilal5; Yasser Lemaati6; Amina Etber7; Amina Lakhdar8; Najia Zraidi9;
Aziz Baydada10
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
Gynecology-Obstetrics and Endoscopy Departement, Maternity Souissi, University Hospital
Center Ibn SINA, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morroco

Corresponding Author: Maha Lhaloui*

Publication Date: 2025/07/23

Abstract: Vulvar cancers are rare tumors that are often treated late due to symptoms being overlooked by patients. Surgery
remains the best therapeutic option. Concurrent radiochemotherapy, conservative surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy
are used in early-stage cases.On the other hand, radical surgery and lymph node dissection are the preferred treatments for
advanced stages, although they carry a high risk of morbidity.

Keywords: Vulvar Cancer, Diagnostic Stages, Vulvectomy, Chemotherapy, Sentinel Node, Vulvar Radiotherapy.

How to Cite: Maha Lhaloui; Hassnaa Sarhane; Youssef Essebbagh; Nada Essaidi; Nermine Jilal; Yasser Lemaati; Amina Etber;
Amina Lakhdar; Najia Zraidi; Aziz Baydada (2025). Vulvar Cancer: One Case Report. International Journal of Innovative
Science and Research Technology, 10(7), 1717-1721. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul1072

I. INTRODUCTION  Patient and Clinical Observation

A 68-year-old patient, mother of four children delivered
Squamous cell carcinoma represents 80% to 90% of vaginally, postmenopausal for 15 years, with no significant
vulvar cancer cases [1], and predominantly affects medical history, presented with pruritus complicated by the
postmenopausal women, with a mean age at diagnosis of 70 appearance of a vulvar lesion, with no other associated
years[2]. symptoms.

Its progression is typically slow and often remains  Clinical examination:

confined to the locoregional area. Distant metastases are Clinical examination revealed an ulcerated, exophytic
uncommon [3]. lesion involving both the right and left labia majora and
minora, extending to the entire clitoris, with no involvement
Other histological subtypes are rare and include basal of the urethral meatus.
cell carcinoma, melanoma, small cell carcinoma, and
sarcomas [4]. These variants generally present as exophytic,
ulcerated, or infiltrative lesions [5].

Fig 1 Clinical examination

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Volume 10, Issue 7, July – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: 2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul1072

 Speculum examination showed a normal-appearing  Vulvar biopsy :

cervix and clean vaginal walls, with no bleeding observed. Vulvar biopsy confirmed a keratinizing, well-
 No latero-uterine masses were noted on bimanual differentiated, ulcerated and exophytic squamous cell
examination. carcinoma.
 Inguinal lymph node areas were free of enlargement.
 The remainder of the physical examination was  Pap smear :
unremarkable. Inflammatory smear with no evidence of neoplastic
cells.

Fig 2 Pelvic ultrasound

 The uterus was retroverted and of normal size.  The lesion measures 40 x 39 mm with regular borders
 The endometrial stripe was regular.  No signs of invasion of the perineal structures, notably the
 The adnexa appeared normal. vagina and urethra
 Bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy, the largest on the
 Pelvic MRI right measuring 17 mm
 No evidence of perineal extension
 Presence of a vulvar lesion centered on the right side of
the clitoris

Fig 3 Vulvar Lesion Centered on the Right Side of the Clitoris.

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Volume 10, Issue 7, July – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: 2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul1072

Fig 4 Bilateral Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

A total vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection was performed.

Fig 4 Operative Specimens

 Histopathological Examination II. DISCUSSION

 Moderately differentiated high-grade squamous cell Malignant tumors of the vulva are generally exophytic,
carcinoma. ulcerated, and/or infiltrative [6]. The average five-year
 Numerous tumor emboli were noted. The tumor margins survival rate is approximately 50%, but varies significantly
were located two centimeters from the resection edge. depending on the stage [7–8].
 Lymphadenectomy yielded 18 lymph nodes, of which The diagnosis of vulvar cancer is primarily clinical and
eight were positive. histological. Few additional examinations have proven their
 Postoperative course was uneventful. usefulness. Treatment is based on vulvar surgery and
dissection of the inguinal lymph node basins. The type of
surgical excision depends both on the size of the lesion and
on the depth of infiltration, which guide the management of

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Volume 10, Issue 7, July – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: 2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul1072

the lymph node areas. This surgery is associated with a risk Amina ETBER, Amina LAKHDAR, Najia ZRAIDI,
of major complications, including delayed wound healing, Aziz BAYDADA : littérature review, supervision
lymphorrhea, and lymphedema, which impact quality of
life[9].  Guarantor
The corresponding author is theguarantor of
Currently, understanding the etiopathogenic mechanism of submission.
vulvar cancer has no impact on the treatments offered.
However, preliminary studies suggest a better prognosis for  Research Registration Number
HPV-related vulvar cancers [10]. Not applicable.
Adjuvant radiotherapy is mainly reserved for cases with
metastatic lymph nodes. Brachytherapy has limited  Consent
indications, primarily for tumors located at the vulvovaginal Written informed consent was obtained from the patient
junction[11]. for publication of this case report and any accompanying
images. A copy of the written consent is available for review
The sentinel lymph node technique has gained significant by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
importance, indicated in stage I and II disease [12]. The Availability of data and materials
overall three-year survival rate is close to 100%. This
technique is the best for determining lymph node status, as Supporting material is available if further analysis is
neither imaging modalities such as MRI or PET-CT needed.

nor fine needle aspiration have demonstrated superiority Declaration of competing interest
over sentinel lymph node biopsy [13].
In our clinical case, a total vulvectomy with bilateral The authors declare that they have no competing
lymphadenectomy was performed with clear resection interests.
margins.
 Acknowledgements :None.
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