International HDTV Content Exchange Presentation
Uploaded by
Max PowerInternational HDTV Content Exchange Presentation
Uploaded by
Max PowerInternational HDTV
Content Exchange
Mike Knee
Contents
SDTV standards conversion
Why HDTV is different
HDTV standards conversion
techniques
performance
Beyond standards conversion
Simple standards conversion
input
fields
what the
brain
expects
nearest
field
linear
interpolation
Motion compensated standards converter
input
motion
Motion vectors Picture
estimator builder
output
Motion compensated conversion
input
fields
what the
brain
expects
good motion
compensated
conversion
bad motion
compensated
conversion
Why HDTV is different
Upconversion
HDTV production techniques
Compression
upstream
downstream
HDTV displays
Upconversion
SD sources will be used for a long time
As HD sources become more common, need for
good upconversion of SD material will grow
De-interlacing artefacts look worse on HD displays:
loss of resolution
line twitter
barber’s poles on diagonals
mouse teeth and double images on moving edges
Interpolation filters and noise reduction important
Camera techniques
SDTV
HDTV
Compression
Upstream
used more frequently than with SDTV
motion estimator must not be confused by
compression artefacts
Downstream
“compression-friendliness” a key factor
but bad conversion can be “compression-friendly”
need to consider the whole chain
Compression-friendly?
HDTV displays
Motion blur in existing flat-screen displays may
mask conversion artefacts
Motion performance of HDTV displays will
improve:
pulsed backlight
intelligent display processing
LCD switching times - 12 ms down to 4 ms?
Improvements will unmask motion-related
conversion artefacts
Need to include large CRT displays as reference
HDTV standards conversion techniques
Upconversion
Motion estimation
Picture building
Picture quality assessment
Adaptive de-interlacing
soft signals
switch
input errors
soft
modes
switch
and
soft soft
errors
switch switch
Motion estimation by phase correlation
input
Field
delay
output
Phase menu Vector vectors
correlation assignment
Motion estimation
Phase correlation choices
block size
sample density
Trade-offs for motion vectors
range
accuracy
localization
noise immunity
Final choice made specifically for HDTV
requirements
Picture building
Read-side Write-side
input output input output
picture picture picture picture
motion motion
vectors vectors
time time
Occlusions
input fields
holes double hits
forward built picture ? ?
double hits holes
backward built picture ? ?
final output
Picture quality
Standards MPEG-2 MPEG-2
converter encoder decoder
Downstream compression
38
New
Existing
36
PSNR, dB
34
32
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Bit rate, Mbit/s
Downstream compression comparison
Bit rate
Standards Spatial MPEG-2 MPEG-2
converter equalizer encoder decoder
I-frame PSNR
encoder
Compare
bit rate
I-frame
encoder PSNR
Standards MPEG-2 MPEG-2
converter encoder decoder
Bit rate
Beyond standards conversion
Film on TV
3:2 and 2:2 techniques
equivalent to nearest-frame standards conversion
acceptable until now in SDTV
similar to cinema displays (2 or 3-flash illumination)
but new HDTV displays are bigger than SD and
brighter than cinema
viewers increasingly intolerant to motion judder
Rate changing
slow motion
simulate variable frame rate cameras
Conclusions
Good motion compensated standards
conversion is even more important for
HDTV than for SDTV
Downstream compression performance is
a particularly illuminating issue
Future applications are even more
demanding