EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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COLLEGEOFENGINEERING
PUTRAJAYACAMPUS
FINALEXAMINATION

SEMESTER22011/2012

PROGRAMME :BachelorofElectricalPowerEngineering(Honours)

SUBJECTCODE :EEPB383

SUBJECT :ElectricalPowerSystemII

DATE :December2011

TIME :2hours

INSTRUCTIONSTOCANDIDATES:

1. ThispapercontainsFIVE(5)questionsinSEVEN(7)pages.

2. AnswerALLquestions.

THISQUESTIONPAPERCONSISTSOF7PRINTEDPAGESINCLUDINGTHIS
COVERPAGE.

EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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QUESTION1[15MARKS]

The 9 bus power system network of an electric utility company is shown in the Figure 1
below. Plant 3 and 5 are shut-down for maintenance leaving plant 1, 2 and 7 generating
powertofeedtheloadsateachofthebusesshownintheFigure1.Theproductioncostsfor
plant1,2and7in$/hisgivenasfollows:
2
1 1 1
009 0 7 6 240 P P C . . + + =
2
2 2 2
005 0 1 6 220 P P C . . + + =
2
7 7 7
008 0 5 6 240 P P C . . + + =

whereP
1
,P
2
andP
7
areinMW.

Figure1

Withoutconsideringpowerlossesinnetwork,answerthefollowingquestions.

a) Findtheincrementalcostsforpowerplant1,2and7intermsofitspowergenerated.
[3marks]
b) Assumingallthreepowerplants1,2and7generatewithinitspowergenerationlimits;
determinetheoptimumdispatchofgeneration. [8marks]
c) Ifthepowergenerationlimitforplantno.1isbetween80MWand300MW,determine
thenewoptimumdispatchofgeneration. [4marks]
EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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QUESTION2[15MARKS]

a) Drawtheequivalentcircuitforsub-transientperiodofasynchronousgenerator.Labelall
componentsofthecircuit. [5marks]

b) A100-MVA,20-kVsynchronousgeneratorisconnectedthroughatransmissionlinetoa
100-MVA, 20-kV synchronous motor. The per unit transient reactances of the generator
andmotorare0.25and0.20,respectively.Thelinereactanceonthebaseof100MVAis
0.1perunit.Themotoristaking50MWat0.8powerfactorleadingataterminalvoltage
of 20 kV. A three-phase short circuit occurs at the generator terminals. Determine the
transientcurrentsineachofthetwomachinesandintheshortcircuit. [10marks]

QUESTION3[25MARKS]

1
2
3
G1 G2
T1
T2
4
CB1 CB2

Figure2

EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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A 4-bus power system network above is represented as a Thevenin equivalent network in

Theneutralforeachgeneratorisconnectedtogroundviaacurrentlimitingreactorofj0.3per
unit. The Generators are operating at no-load, producing voltages at rated values at a
frequencyof50Hz.Thesystemvoltagesareatratedvalues.Allvaluesareexpressedinper
unitonacommon100MVAbase.CircuitBreaker1(CB1)andCircuitBreaker2(CB2)are
in the OPEN position. A bolted 3 phase to ground fault occurred at Bus 4. Please do the
following:

a) DeterminetheAdmittanceMatrix [2marks]
b) CalculatethefaultcurrentatBus4inperunit [4marks]
c) DeterminethevoltagesatBus1,Bus2,Bus3andBus4duringfault
[10marks]
d) Calculatethefaultcurrentflowinginline23,13and3-4 [6marks]
e) A tree falls down and shorts all 3 phases in a transmission line to ground. Is this a
boltedornon-boltedfault?Explainwhy? [3marks]

EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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QUESTION4[25MARKS]

RefertothepowersystemshowninFigure3andtheparametersgiven.

Figure3

GeneratorsG1andG2: 1 . 0
2 1
j X X = = p.u; 05 . 0
0
j X = p.u; Voltage:11kV
TransformersT1andT2: 15 . 0
0 2 1
j X X X = = = p.u; Voltage:11/275kV
Line: 05 . 0
2 1
j Z Z = = p.u, 1 . 0
0
j Z = p.u; Voltage:275kV

Allperunitvaluesareonabaseof100MVA,andpre-faultvoltageis1.0perunit.

a) Drawthepositive,negativeandzerosequenceimpedancenetworksforthepowersystem.
Stateinyourdrawingthenumericalvaluesofalltheimpedance. [2+2+2marks]
b) Determinethefaultcurrentinperunitforaboltedsingleline-groundfaultatbusB.
[4marks]

c) Determine thecurrentin per unit flowing in thefaulted phase of the overheadline fora
boltedsingle-line-groundfaultatbusbarB. [10marks]
d)DeterminethecurrentflowingintheneutralofT1andT2forasingle-line-groundfaultat
busBgiventhefaultimpedanceisj0.5perunit. [5marks]

EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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QUESTION5[20MARKS]

Figure3
A50Hz,H=5MJ/MVAgeneratorisconnectedthroughparalleltransmissionlinestoagrid
system. The machine is delivering 1.0pu power and both the terminal voltage and the
infinite-busare1.0pu.Thevaluesofthereactanceonacommonsystembasearegivenasin
thediagram.Thetransientreactanceofthegeneratoris0.20puasindicated.
Determine:
a) Thepower-angleequationduringsteadystatecondition. [15marks]
b) Findtheinitialoperatingangle. [2marks]
c) A temporary fault occurs at a distance of 20% of the line length away from the
sending end terminal of the line. When the fault is cleared by an auto-reclose
protection,bothlinesareintact.Determinethecriticalclearingangleandthecritical
faultclearingtime. [3marks]

ENDOFQUESTIONPAPER

EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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FormulaSheet

=
n
i i
i
D
P
1
2

;

=
=
+
=
n
i i
n
i i
i
D
P
1
1
2
1
2

0
2
2
0
= +

S
P
dt
d
D
dt
d
f
H

e m
P P
dt
d
f
H
=
2
2
0

( )

+ =

t e
d
t
n
sin
1
2
0
0

t e
d
t n n

sin
1
2
0
0

S
HP
f D
0
2

=
S n
P
H
f
0

2
1 =
n d

1
cos

f
a
a a a
Z Z Z Z
E
I I I
3
0 2 1
2 1 0
+ + +
= = = : Singlelinetogroundfault

f
a
a a
Z Z Z
E
I I
+ +
= =
2 1
2 1
: Line-Linefault

f
a a
a
Z Z
I Z E
I
3
0
1 1
0
+

= : DoubleLinetoGroundFault
2
1 1
2
Z
I Z E
I
a a
a

= : DoubleLinetoGroundFault
EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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f
f
Z Z Z
Z Z Z
a
a
Z
E
I
3
3
1
1
0 2
0 2
+ +
|

\
|
+
+
= : DoubleLinetoGroundFault
(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

2
1
0
2
2
1
1
1 1 1
a
a
a
c
b
a
V
V
V
a a
a a
V
V
V

( )
a d d
t
d d
t
d d
t
d d
asy
e
X
E
t
X
e
X
X
e
X X
E t i



+ +
(
(

+
|
|

\
|
+
|
|

\
|
= sin 2 sin
1 1 1 1 1
2 ) (
' '
0
' ' ' '
0
' ' '

B
pu
S
S
S = ,
B
pu
V
V
V = ,
B
pu
I
I
I = ,
B
pu
Z
Z
Z = ,
( )
B
B
B
S
V
Z
2
= ,
B
B
B
V
S
I
3
=

kk
B
X
S
SCC =
2
|
|

\
|
=
new
B
old
B
old
B
new
B old
pu
new
pu
V
V
S
S
Z Z

EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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Solution

Question1[15marks]

a)
1
1
1
1
018 . 0 7 . 6 P
dP
dC
+ = = $/MWh

2
2
2
2
010 . 0 1 . 6 P
dP
dC
+ = = $/MWh

7
7
7
7
016 . 0 5 . 6 P
dP
dC
+ = = $/MWh

b)
Neglectinglosses,totalpowerdemand,

MW
P P P P P
D
345
100 80 10 60 40 10 25 20 0
......
9 3 2 1
=
+ + + + + + + + =
+ + + + =

=
=
+
=
7 , 2 , 1
7 , 2 , 1
2
1
2
i i
i i
i
D
P

=
) 008 . 0 ( 2
1
) 005 . 0 ( 2
1
) 009 . 0 ( 2
1
) 008 . 0 ( 2
5 . 6
) 005 . 0 ( 2
1 . 6
) 009 . 0 ( 2
7 . 6
345
+ +
+ + +
=7.95$/MWh

SolveforPbasedonoptimaldispatch,

95 . 7 018 . 0 7 . 6
1
= + P

44 . 69
1
= P MW

95 . 7 010 . 0 1 . 6
2
= + P
185
2
= P MW

95 . 7 010 . 0 5 . 6
7
= + P
625 . 90
7
= P MW

c)
Set 80
1
= P MW,optimise
2
P and
7
P

EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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) 008 . 0 ( 2
1
) 005 . 0 ( 2
1
) 008 . 0 ( 2
5 . 6
) 005 . 0 ( 2
1 . 6
80 345
+
+ +
= =7.885$/MWh

885 . 7 010 . 0 1 . 6
2
= + P
5 . 178
2
= P MW

885 . 7 010 . 0 5 . 6
7
= + P
56 . 86
7
= P MW

Total=80+178.5+86.56=345MW

Questions2[15marks]

a)

X
l
:leakagereactance
X
ad
:reactanceduetoarmaturereaction
X
f
:reactanceduetofiledwinding

b)

50 36.87
0.625 36.87 .
0.8 100
m
S p u

= =

[1 mark]
20
1 0 .
20
m
V p u = =
[1 mark]
Before the fault,
* 0
0
0.625 36.87
0.625 36.87 .
1
m
m
m
S
I p u
V

= = =
[1 mark]
EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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Generator emf behind transient reactance is,

' '
( ) 1 0 (0.25 0.1) *0.625 36.87 0.8688 0.175 0.8862 11.39 .
g m dg l m
E V j X X I j j p u = + + = + + = + =
[2 marks]

Motor emf behind transient reactance is,

' '
( ) 1 0 (0.2) *0.625 36.87 1.075 0.10 1.0796 5.32 .
m m dm m
E V j X I j j p u = = = =
[2 marks]


During fault, the generator short circuit current is,
'
0
'
'
0.8862 11.39
3.545 78.61 .
( ) 0.25
g
g
dg
E
I p u
j X j

= = =
[1 mark]

During fault, the motor short circuit current is,
' 0
'
'
1.0796 5.32
3.5988 95.32 .
( ) 0.30
m
m
dm l
E
I p u
j X X j

= = =
+

[1 mark]

The short circuit current is
' ' '
3.545 78.61 3.5988 95.32 7.0679 87.03 .
f g m
I I I p u = + = + =

Questions3[25marks]

a) DeterminetheAdmittanceMatrix [2marks]
Converting to Admittance values
Item X1 Y1
G1 j0.25 -j4
G2 j0.2 -j5
T1 j0.1 -j10
T2 j0.1 -j10
L12 j0.12 -j8.333
L13 j0.14 -j7.143
L23 j0.16 -j6.25
L34 j0.18 -j5.556
EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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b) CalculatethefaultcurrentatBus4inperunit [4marks]
Calculating Z44:
Item X1
G1 j0.25
G2 j0.2
T1 j0.1
T2 j0.1
L12 j0.12
L13 j0.14
L23 j0.16
L34 j0.18


Calculating Fault Current at Bus 4


c) DeterminethevoltagesatBus1,Bus2,Bus3andBus4duringfault [10
marks]









EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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d) Calculatethefaultcurrentflowinginline23,13and3-4 [6marks]



e) A treefalls down and shorts all 3 phases in a transmission line to ground. Is this a
boltedornon-boltedfault?.Explainwhy? [3marks]

It is a non-Bolted Fault because the tree has impedance.

Question4[25marks]

a)

Positivesequencenetwork

Negativesequencenetwork

EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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Zerosequencenetwork

b)

f B B B
a
a a a
Z Z Z Z
E
I I I
3
0 2 1
2 1 0
+ + +
= = =

) 1 . 0 15 . 0 //( ) 05 . 0 15 . 0 1 . 0 (
1
j j j j j Z
B
+ + + = =j0.1364

1 2
B B
Z Z = =j0.1364

) 15 . 0 //( ) 1 . 0 15 . 0 (
0
j j j Z
B
+ = =j0.09375

0 09375 . 0 1364 . 0 1364 . 0

1844 . 8 3 ) (
0
j I F I
a B
= = p.u

c)

PositivesequencevoltageatbusesAandB,

)
55 . 0
25 . 0
)( ( * ) 15 . 0 1 . 0 (
1 1
F I j j V
B A
+ = = 4545 . 0 * 728 . 2 * 25 . 0 j j =-0.31

1 1 1
) 0 ( ) (
A A A
V V F V + = =1.00.31=0.69p.u

)
55 . 0
25 . 0
)( ( * ) 05 . 0 15 . 0 1 . 0 (
1 1
F I j j j V
B B
+ + = =-0.372
EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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1 1 1
) 0 ( ) (
B B B
V V F V + = =1.00.372=0.628p.u

NegativesequencevoltagebusesAandB,

2 2 2
) 0 ( ) (
A A A
V V F V + = =0.00.31=-0.31

2 2 2
) 0 ( ) (
B B B
V V F V + = =0.00.372=-0.372

ZerosequencevoltagebusesAandB,

)
55 . 0
25 . 0
)( ( * ) 15 . 0 (
0 0
F I j V
B A
= =-0.186

0 0 0
) 0 ( ) (
A A A
V V F V + = =0.00.186=-0.186p.u

)
55 . 0
25 . 0
)( ( * ) 1 . 0 15 . 0 (
0 0
F I j j V
B B
+ = =-0.31p.u
0 0 0
) 0 ( ) (
B B B
V V F V + = =0.00.31=-0.31p.u

(
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
2
2 2
1
1 1
0
0 0
012
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
AB
B A
AB
B A
AB
B A
AB
z
F V F V
z
F V F V
z
F V F V
I =
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

05 . 0
) 372 . 0 ( 31 . 0
05 . 0
628 . 0 69 . 0
1 . 0
) 31 . 0 ( 186 . 0
j
j
j
=
(
(
(

24 . 1
24 . 1
24 . 1
j
j
j
p.u

EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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) ( ) (
012
F AI F I
AB
abc
AB
= =
(
(
(

(
(
(

24 . 1
24 . 1
24 . 1
1
1
1 1 1
2
2
j
j
j
a a
a a

) 24 . 1 ( 3 j I
a
AB
= =-j3.72p.u

+ + + + = 120 90 24 . 1 240 90 24 . 1 90 24 . 1
b
AB
I =0.0p.u

+ + + + = 240 90 24 . 1 120 90 24 . 1 90 24 . 1
c
AB
I =0.0p.u

Question5[20marks]

AtinfinitenodeH=

Thereactancebetween1and3,X=j(0.1+0.5/2)=j0.35pu

Outputpowerofgenerator

Powerangleequation:

,whichisequivalenttoV
t
anglerelativetotheinfinitebus

Theterminalvoltage:V
t
=120.5pu=0.94+j0.35pu

Theoutputcurrentofthegenerator:

Thetransientinternalvoltage:
1mar
2mar
1mar
2mar
2mar
EEPB383,Semester22011/2012

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Thetotalseriesresistance:

ThepowerangleequationrelatingEandV:

b)&c)

Theinitialoperatingangleisgivenby:

Sincebothlinesareintactwhenthefaultiscleared,thepower-angleequationbeforeandafter
thefaultremainsthesame:

2mar
1mar
2mar
2mar
2mar
1mar