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Bio Fertilizer

Biofertilizers are a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers that can increase crop yields without harming soil or water quality. They contain living microorganisms that colonize the soil and plant roots to naturally fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and promote plant growth. Common types include bacterial and algal biofertilizers. When applied, biofertilizers restore the natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter over the long term. Their use can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers while enhancing overall soil health for organic farming.

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Ankit Pandey
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305 views2 pages

Bio Fertilizer

Biofertilizers are a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers that can increase crop yields without harming soil or water quality. They contain living microorganisms that colonize the soil and plant roots to naturally fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and promote plant growth. Common types include bacterial and algal biofertilizers. When applied, biofertilizers restore the natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter over the long term. Their use can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers while enhancing overall soil health for organic farming.

Uploaded by

Ankit Pandey
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOFERTILIZER

After the introduction of chemical fertilizers in the last century, farmers were happy of getting increased yield in agriculture in the beginning. But slowly chemical fertilizers started displaying their ill-effects such as leaching out, and polluting water basins, destroying micro-organisms and friendly insects, making the crop more susceptible to the attack of diseases, reducing the soil fertility and thus causing irreparable damage to the overall system. A number of intellectuals throughout the world started working on the alternatives and found that biofertilizers can help in increasing the yield without causing the damage associated with chemical fertilizers.
What is biofertilizer?

The name itself is self explanatory. The fertilizers are used to improve the fertility of the land using biological wastes, hence the term biofertilizers, and biological wastes do not contain any chemicals which are detrimental to the living soil. They are extremely beneficial in enriching the soil with those micro-organisms, which produce organic nutrients for the soil and help combat diseases. The farm produce does not contain traces of hazardous and poisonous materials. Thus those products are accepted across the world as Organic ones. Hence for organic farming the use of biofertilizers is mandatory. A biofertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Bio-fertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances. Bio-fertilizers can be expected to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The microorganisms in bio-fertilizers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter. Through the use of bio-fertilizers, healthy plants can be grown, while enhancing the sustainability and the health of the soil. Types of bio-fertilizers:
1. Bacterial Biofertilizers. 2. Algal Biofertilizers.

Galaxy of Biofertilizers Phospho: It releases insoluble phosphorus in soil and fix this phosphorus in clay minerals which is of great significance in agriculture. Rhizo: Rhizo Bacterial plays a very important role in agriculture by inducing nitrogen fixings nodules on the root of legumes such as peas,beans clove and alfalfa. Azotobactor: Atmosphere contains 78% nitrogen which is a very important nutrient for plant growth. Azotobactor fixes the atmospheric nitrogen in the soil and make it available to the plants. It protects the roots from other pathogens present in the soil Trichoderma: It is a non- pathogenic and eco-friendly product. The product is antagonistic hyper parasitic against different pathogens in the field and economically well established biocontrol agent Composter: (Decomposing Culture): Composter breaks down any organic matter such as dead plants farm yard waste, cattle waste etc. thereby increasing the soil productivity. Tricho-Card: Trichogramma is an efficient destroyer of eggs of many leaf and flower eaters, stems, fruit, shoot borers etc. It can be used in a variety of crops as well as in horticultural and ornamental plants,such as sugarcane,cotton,brinjal,tomato,corn,jawar,vegetables,citrus,paddy apple etc.

Vermi Compost: It is 100% pure eco-friendly organic fertilizer. This organic fertilizer has nitrogen phosphorus, potassium,organic carbon,sulphur,hormones,vitamins,enzymes and antibiotics which helps to improve the quality and quantity of yield. It is observed that due to continuous misuse of chemical fertiliser soil losses its fertility and gets salty day by day. To overcome such problems natural farming is the only remedy and Vermi compost is the best solution. Biocompost: It is eco-friendly organic fertilizer which is prepared from the sugar industry waste material which is decomposed and enriched of with various plants and human friendly bacteria and fungi. Biocompost consists of nitrogen, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and various useful fungi like decomposing fungi, trichoderma viridea which protects the plants from various soil borne disease and also help to increase soil fertility which results to a good quality product to the farmers.

Equipment Required for setting up small scale biofertilizer industry: 1. Stove with a gas cylinder and a pressure cooker.
2. Polystyrene or Polyethylene covers which resists 100 Degree Centigrade of heat. 3. Iron or plastic pipe of 2inch in diameter and of 5cm in length. 4. A length of iron string, some surgical cotton, a syringe, a match box, a candle and some cheap requirements.

Raw materials: Like wheat, rice or sorghum or barley etc Benefits:


A bio-fertilizer provides the following benefits: 1. Since a bio-fertilizer is technically living, it can symbiotically associate with plant roots. Involved microorganisms could readily and safely convert complex organic material in simple compounds, so that plants are easily taken up. Microorganism function is in long duration, causing improvement of the soil fertility. It maintains the natural habitat of the soil. It increases crop yield by 20-30%, replaces chemical nitrogen and phosphorus by 25%, and stimulates plant growth. It can also provide protection against drought and some soil-borne diseases. 2. Bio-fertilizers are cost-effective relative to chemical fertilizers. They have lower manufacturing costs, especially regarding nitrogen and phosphorus use. 3. It is environmentally friendly in that it not only prevents damaging the natural source but also helps to some extent cleanse the plant from precipitated chemical fertilizers.

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