Lecturer : Pariati, S.

Pd

Name NPM/ class

: Novi Alica : 2111010/ II A

English Study Program

INSTITUTE OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION TEACHERS ASSOCIATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA ( STKIP PGRI ) LUBUKLINGGAU 2012
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PREFACE

Alhamdulillahi robbil aalaamiin for the Most Gracious and the most Marciful , Allah SWT so I could finish this paper entitled Passive Voice. This paper is written to complete the final semester test for intrmediete course. And this paper can be used for the student who want to learn about grammar especially Passive Voice. Then, my very sincere gratitude was expressed to my lecturer Pariati, S.Pd who given me much guidance in finishing this paper. Finally any criticism, comment, and suggestion will be considered to make this paper better. May this paper be useful for all.

Lubuklinggau, June 2011 The writer,

CONTENTS
Cover . 0 Preface .. 1 Contents 2 Chapter I : . 3 A. Background 3 B. Limitation of the study .. 3 Chapter II : 4 Discussions .. 4 Chapter III : .. 13 A. Conclusion . 13 B. Suggestions .. 13 Refferences .. 14 Biografy . 15

CHAPTER I
A. Background We find an overabundance of the passive voice in sentences created by self-protective business interests, magniloquent educators, and bombastic military writers (who must get weary of this accusation), who deviluse the passive voice to avoid responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette ads were designed to appeal especially to children" places the burden on the ads as opposed to "We designed the cigarette ads to appeal especially to children," in which "we" accepts responsibility. At a White House press briefing we might hear that "The President was advised that certain members of Congress were being audited" rather than "The Head of the Internal Revenue service advised the President that her agency was auditing certain members of Congress" because the passive construction avoids responsibility for advising and for auditing. One further caution about the passive voice: we should not mix active and passive constructions in the same sentence: "The executive committee approved the new policy, and the calendar for next year's meetings was revised" should be recast as "The executive committee approved the new policy and revised the calendar for next year's meeting." The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. In this lesson we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.

B. Limitation of the study 1. What is Passive voice? 2. How the general rules of Passive voice? 3. How do we know if a sentence can be put into Passive voice?

C. Significance 1. Know the definition of Passive voice 2. Know how to use Passive voice 3. Know how to make a Passive voice

CHAPTER II DISCUSSIONS
A. Definition of Passive voice

The passive voice is a grammatical construction (specifically, a "voice") in which the subject of a sentence or clause denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). In the English language, the English passive voice is formed with an auxiliary verb (usually be or get) plus a participle (usually the past participle) of a transitive verb. For example, Caesar was stabbed by Brutus uses the passive voice. The subject denotes the person (Caesar) affected by the action of the verb. The counterpart to this in active voice is Brutus stabbed Caesar, in which the subject denotes the doer, or agent, Brutus. Not every sentence can be transformed into passive voice. Sentence that could be turned into passive voice is a sentence that has the object ( transitive ).

B. How to form a passive sentence?

To make a passive sentence, be required or a past participle verb third form (verb III). Can be in various forms, depending on the sentence tenses are used, among them: am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, and so forth a. Passive voice for all tense rules The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice. 3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice. 1. Simple Present Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: am/is/are a. Active voice: ( + ) He sings a song. ( - ) He does not sing a song. ( ? ) Does he sing a song? b. Passive voice: ( + )A song is sung by him. ( - ) A song is not sung by him. ( ? ) Is a song sung by him?

2. Present Continuous Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: am being/is being/are being

a. Active voice: ( + )I am writing a letter ( - ) I am not writing a letter. ( ? ) Am I writing a letter? b. Passive voice: ( + )A letter is being written by me. ( - ) A letter is not being written by me. ( ? ) Is a letter being written by me?

3. Present Perfect Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: has been/have been a. Active voice: ( + )She has finished his work ( - ) She has not finished her work. ( ? ) Has she finished her work? b. Passive voice: ( + )Her work has been finished by her. ( - ) Her work has not been finished by her. ( ? ) Has her work been finished by her?

4. Simple Past Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: was/were a. Active voice: ( + ) I killed a snake ( - ) I did not kill a snake. ( ? ) Did I kill a snake? b. Passive voice: ( + ) A snake was killed by me. ( - ) A snake was not killed by me. ( ? ) Was a snake killed by me?

5. Past Continuous Tense (Passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: was being/were being a. Active voice: ( + ) He was driving a car. ( - ) He was not driving a car. ( ? ) Was he driving a car? b. Passive voice: ( + ) A car was being driven by him. ( - ) A car was not being driven by him. ( ? ) Was a car being driven by him?

6. Past Perfect Tense (Passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: had been a. Active voice: ( + ) They had completed the assignment. ( - ) They had not completed the assignment. ( ? ) Had they completed the assignment? b. Passive voice: ( + ) The assignment had been completed by them. ( - ) The assignment had not been complete by them. ( ? ) Had the assignment been completed by them?

7. Simple Future Tense (Passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: will be a. Active voice: ( + ) She will buy a car. ( - ) She will not buy a car. ( ? ) Will she buy a car? b. Passive voice: ( + ) A car will be bought by her. ( - ) A car will not be bought by her.

( ? ) Will a car be bought by her?

8. Future Perfect Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: will have been a. Active voice: ( + ) You will have started the job. ( - ) You will have not started the job. ( ? ) Will you have started the job? b. Passive voice: ( + ) The job will have been started by you. ( - ) The job will not have been started by you. ( ? ) Will the job have been started by you?

*It is possible to form the passive with other verb forms, such as the perfect continuous ones, but usually it is better to avoid these forms because of their complicated and inelegant structure e.g. 'The factory has been being built for 10 years! *Note that it is only transitive verbs which can have passive forms. Intransitive verbs, like cry, die, arrive, disappear, wait, which often describe physical behaviour, cannot be used in the passive voice. They have no objects, so there is nothing to become the subject of a passive sentence.

C. When, then, should we use the passive voice in preference to the active? We often prefer to use the passive voice when: 1. We do not know who the agent is: 'I dont know who did it, but my pet rabbit has been let out.' 'I had the feeling that I was being followed.' instead of: 'I dont know who did it, but someone has let out my pet rabbit.' 'I had the feeling that somebody was following me.' 2. When it is obvious to the listener or reader who the agent is: 'I had been instructed to remove all the ash trays.' 'She discovered that she was being paid less than her male colleagues.' instead of: 'My boss had instructed me to remove all the ash trays.' 'She discovered that the firm was paying her less than her male colleagues.' 3. When it is not important to know who the agent is: 'Do you want a lift?' 'No thanks, Im being collected.' instead of: 'Do you want a lift?' 'No thanks, someone is collecting me.'
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4. When the agent has already been mentioned: 'In the next session of parliament, new laws will be introduced aimed at stopping domestic violence.' instead of: 'In the next session of parliament, the government will introduce new laws aimed at stopping domestic violence.' 5. When people in general are the agents: 'All the Beatles records can be borrowed from the central library. instead of: 'You can borrow all the Beatles records from the central library. D. The Passive voice is used : 1. If the action is more important then the agent. Examples: A demonstration has been held. This theatre was built in 1868. The important thing is what happened, not who did it.

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2. If the agent is not known. Examples : He was offered a job. (someone offered him the job) They are supposed to be good students. (some teachers suppose that)

E. Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on. Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2 Example : 1. Active: Rita wrote a letter to me. 2. Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita. Passive: I was written a letter by Rita..As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita

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CHAPTER III
A. Conlusion The passive voice is used when we want to focus attention on the person or thing affected by the action. Normally, the performer of the action, or the agent, comes first and is made the subject of the verb and then we use the active form of the verb. The other person or thing is made the object of the verb. However, if you want to focus on the person or thing affected by the action, you make the person or thing the subject of the sentence and use the passive voice. We have recognized that there are 16 tenses in the active voice. But we just make 8 tenses in the passive voice.

B. Suggestion After learning all about the passive voice the reader is expected to be able to apply what he or she can use English to communicate well. So what has been learned can be useful for readers

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REFFERENCES

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice adivampciel.blogspot.com/2011/11/passive-voice.html http://www.writeexpress.com/active-passive.html http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$22

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BIOGRAPHY

Dont be afraid to try, the mistake is the best teacher if you are willing to honestly admit and learn from it
Name Date of birth Place of birth Address now : NOVI ALICA : 20-11-1992 : Lubuklinggau : Jl. Pattimura rt.07 kel.Sukajadi Lubuklinggau barat 1

History of education : Kindegarten Elementary School : TK Aisiyah Lubuklinggau :Junior High School Senior High School SDN 47 Lubuklinggau SDN 01 Gunung Madu Lampung SDN 02 Pulungkencana, TB.Tengah Lampung

: SMPN 04 TB.Tengah Lampung (2004-2007) : SMAN 01 Tumijajar Lampung (2007-2010)

STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau right now

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