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Automatic Generation Control

The document discusses automatic generation control (AGC) systems. It describes the key components of an AGC system including generators, sensors, regulators, and control mechanisms. It also summarizes different control strategies for AGC including proportional-integral control and optimal control methods. Block diagrams are presented showing models of AGC systems with and without proportional-integral controllers.

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Ajay Talajiya
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views19 pages

Automatic Generation Control

The document discusses automatic generation control (AGC) systems. It describes the key components of an AGC system including generators, sensors, regulators, and control mechanisms. It also summarizes different control strategies for AGC including proportional-integral control and optimal control methods. Block diagrams are presented showing models of AGC systems with and without proportional-integral controllers.

Uploaded by

Ajay Talajiya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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System Models (AGC)

Steam Turbine

Excitation system

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

Gen. field

Voltage sensor

G Shaft

P V
Valve Control mechanism

P , QG G

P tie
Load frequency control (LFC) Frequency sensor

PG

Aps: Automatic generation control

For

efficient and reliable operation of Power Systems, the control of voltage should satisfy the following objective: Voltages at the terminals of all equipment in the system are within acceptable limits. Maintaining voltages within the required limits is complicated due to the fact that the power system supplies power to vast number of loads and fed from many generating units.

Aps: Automatic generation control

Automatic Voltage Regulation

System voltage is closely related to the system reactive power which is a reactive loads such as inductors and capacitors dissipate zero power, yet the fact that they drop voltage and draw current gives the deceptive impression that they actually do dissipate power.

The proper selection and coordination of equipment for controlling the system voltage and the reactive power are among the major challenges in power system operation.

Aps: Automatic generation control

Automatic Voltage Regulation


Reactive

Power (QV) is one of the two main elements in the power system must be controlled. voltage error in the system is sensed, measured, and transformed into reactive-power command signal. objective of the AVR is to keep the system terminal voltage at the desired value by means of feedback control
Aps: Automatic generation control

Any

The

Block diagram of AGC model

Aps: Automatic generation control

AVR Model

Aps: Automatic generation control

Block diagram of a simple automatic voltage regulator

KE=200 KG=1 KR=0.05 KA=0.15

TE =0.05 TG =0.2 TR =0.05 TA=10

Aps: Automatic generation control

Block diagram of a simple automatic voltage regulator (AVR)


Voltage error is improved by controlling the rotor fieldcurrent generator EMF.
The steady state voltage error can be eliminated using an integral controller. The AVR has a substantial effect on transient stability when varying the field voltage to maintain the terminal voltage constant.
Aps: Automatic generation control

Case 1: AVR without PI (Proportional and Integral ) controller.

Case 2: AVR with PI controller. Case 3: AVR with optimal control.


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Block diagram of AVR model without PI controller

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The output response without controller voltage


Overshoot error V Steady State error
Overshoot

Steady state error

output voltage response when Ka of the amplifier is 0.15

The output voltage response when Ka of the amplifier was changed to 0.1

Aps: Automatic generation control

model with Ki and Kp gainsock diagram of AVR

Aps: Automatic generation control

The output voltage response with PI controller


Overshoot

Time (s)

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Step1: state variables and output equations:

U ( s) x 4

x3

x3
x 2 20 x2 4000 x3

x2

x3 0.1x3 0.01 x4 0.01u (t )

x2

x1
x1 5 x1 5 x2

x4
x4 20 x4 20 x1

x1

Aps: Automatic generation control

State

differential Equation:
x(t ) Ann x(t ) Bnmu (t )

Output

Equation:

y (t ) C pn x(t ) D pm u (t )

A=[-5 5 0 0; 0 -20 4000 0; 0 0 -0.1 -0.01;20 0 0 -20] B=[0;0;0.01;0] C=[1 0 0 0] D=[0]


Aps: Automatic generation control

AGC system

Aps: Automatic generation control

Our

goal in the end is to design a control system that serves the power network in the UAE for better performance and better power services in terms of consumption and supplement. our skills and understanding of Engineering project design and management. the best as an outcome of a successful group

Enhance

Achieve

work.

Aps: Automatic generation control

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