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Analysis of The Contacts 2nd

The document discusses contact mechanics between solid surfaces. It covers topics like real contact area, deformation of contact spots under load, Hertzian contact theory for elastic bodies, and stress distributions at surfaces and within solids due to contact pressures.

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Gurjinder Singh
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60 views26 pages

Analysis of The Contacts 2nd

The document discusses contact mechanics between solid surfaces. It covers topics like real contact area, deformation of contact spots under load, Hertzian contact theory for elastic bodies, and stress distributions at surfaces and within solids due to contact pressures.

Uploaded by

Gurjinder Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analysis of the Contacts

Dr. Sabah Khan

Introduction
When two nominally flat surfaces are placed in contact surface roughness causes the contact to occur at discrete contact spots or junctions. The sum of the areas of all the contact spots constitutes the real or true area of contact. However for most material under an applied load the area of contact is a small fraction of the apparent or nominal area of contact which will occur if the surfaces are perfectly smooth.

Real Area of Contact


Also known as contact area. It is a function of: I. Surface Texture II. Material Properties III. Interfacial Loading Conditions

Why mechanics of contact of solid bodies


When two surfaces move relative to each other , the friction force is contributed by the adhesion of asperities . Repeated surface interactions and surface and subsurface stresses, resulting in the formation of wear particles, leading to failure. Thus, to find out the relation between wear and friction requires us to understand the mechanics of contact of solid bodies

Deformation
During the contact of two surfaces, contact initially occurs at only a few points to support the normal load or force. With increase in normal load, the surfaces move closer and a larger number of asperities come in contact. With increasing load these contact spots undergo deformation, establishing stresses that oppose the applied load.

Mode of Deformation
Depending upon The nominal normal or shear stresses Surface area Material properties The mode of deformation can be Elastic Plastic Visco-elastic Visco-plastic

Single Asperity contact of Homogeneous and Frictionless Solids


A single asperity contact reduces the problem of deformation to two curved bodies in contact

The first analysis of deformation and pressure at the contact of two elastic solids with geometries defined by quadratic surfaces is due to Hertzian contact Hertz analysis is based on the following assumptions: 1. The surfaces are continuous smooth and non conforming 2. Strains are small 3. Each solid can be considered as an elastic halfspace in the proximity of the contact region 4. Surfaces are frictionless

1. Elastic Contact

Analysis
Two surfaces convex in shape are considered The point of first contact is taken as the origin of a Cartesian Coordinate system in which the x-y plane is the common tangent plane to the two surfaces and z-axis lies along the common normal to directed positively into the lower solid. The separation between the two surfaces at radius r before loading is z1+z2. W or L is the compressive normal force /l oad T1 and T2 are two points in the two bodies moving towards O under W, parallel to the z-axis by vertical displacement delta1 and delta 2.

.contd
The elastic deformation results in displacement of the surface outside the footprint such that the contact size (2a) is less than the overlap length resulting from overlapping of dotted lines. W1 and w2 surface displacements due to contact pressure parallel to Oz The area of contact for elastic bodies is Are = a2 =R-------------(1)

The contact area is circular having a radius a and the contact pressure is elliptical with p at a radius r.

According to Hertz Contact of elastic bodies

Important
The real area of contact from equation 1 is 2R. Also the area of contact in elastic bodies increase as (normal load)2/3

Stress Distribution at the surface and within the two solids

For Pressure applied in circular region, the stress field is written in polar coordinates. The polar components of the stress field in the surface z= 0, inside a loaded circle(r<a) are

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