Scribd
Upload
38 views16 pages

Work and Machines

Work is the transfer of energy when a force makes an object move. Power is the rate at which work is done. A machine may multiply the applied force. An ideal machine does not take friction into account.

Uploaded by

Thian Fang Ming
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views16 pages

Work and Machines

Work is the transfer of energy when a force makes an object move. Power is the rate at which work is done. A machine may multiply the applied force. An ideal machine does not take friction into account.

Uploaded by

Thian Fang Ming
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

1. How would the effort exerted by a backpacker over level ground compare to the effort in climbing a steep hill?

2. How would the weight of the backpack affect the amount of force needed to move it?

Work and Machines


A. Work

1. The transfer of energy when a force makes an object move. 2. W = f d (Unit is a joule or N m)
3. Energy is transferred
Box being given energy

between objects when


work is done.

B. Power
1. The rate at which work is done.

2. P = W / t
3. Unit is the watt (1 joule / second)

4. Btu = 1,055 watts (for heating and cooling units) 5. Horsepower = 746 watts (for motors and engines)

C. Using Machines
1. A machine makes doing work easier.

2. They may multiply the applied force.


The car may weigh a lot, but you dont have to use nearly that much force to lift it with a jack.

3. They may increase the distance over which a force is applied.

In this case, the amount of force necessary to push the chair up the ramp was decreased.

4. They may change the direction a force has to be applied.

The nail comes up as the person pulls to the side.

D. Important terms for machines


1. Resistance the force being moved (FR) 2. Effort the force being used to move a resistance (FE) 3. Effort Distance the distance the effort force moves through (de) 4. Resistance Distance how far the resistance moves (dr)

E. Work Calculations
1. Work Input the amount of work done on a simple machine. 2. Win = FE de

3. Work output the amount of work the machine actually does.


4. Wout = FR dr

F. Conservation of Energy

1. No machine can create energy, so Wout can never be greater than Win 2. In reality, Wout is always less than Win because of friction producing heat; the heat had to come from the energy put into the machine.
3. An ideal machine is theoretical; it does not take friction into account. 4. Ideal machine: Win = Wout

G. Mechanical Advantage 1. MA is the number of times a machine multiplies the effort force.

2. MA = FR / FE & MA = de / dr
H. Efficiency 1. Measures how much of the work input is changed into useful output 2. Efficiency = (Wout / Win) x 100%

3. Lubricants (such as oil and graphite) reduce friction & increase efficiency.

Oil fills the space between surfaces so high spots dont rub against each other.

I. The Simple Machines


1. Levers a. 1st class: b. 2nd class:
FE FR FE FR

c. 3rd class:

FR

FE

d. IMA = effort arm / resistance arm

2. Pulleys
a. Fixed pulley

1) changes only the direction of a force 2) always has IMA = 1


b. Movable pulley

1) attached to object
2) IMA = 2

c. Block and Tackle 1) system of fixed and movable pulleys 2) IMA = number of strands supporting the resistance

This strand does not count toward the IMA

3. Wheel and Axle


a. IMA = rw / ra

b. Gears are modified forms of the wheel and axle

4. Inclined Planes: IMA = Ls / Lh


5. The Screw

a. Modified inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder


b. The pitch of the threading determines the IMA

6. The Wedge: two inclined planes backto-back

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy