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Triaxial Stress State: (+ve Sense Shown)

The document discusses triaxial stress states and how to calculate principal stresses and maximum shear stresses. It provides the equations for determining the three principal stresses from the stress invariants. An example problem is worked out where the given triaxial stress state is used to calculate the principal stresses, maximum shear stress, and Mohr's circle representation. Safety factors are determined for different failure criteria.

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576 views18 pages

Triaxial Stress State: (+ve Sense Shown)

The document discusses triaxial stress states and how to calculate principal stresses and maximum shear stresses. It provides the equations for determining the three principal stresses from the stress invariants. An example problem is worked out where the given triaxial stress state is used to calculate the principal stresses, maximum shear stress, and Mohr's circle representation. Safety factors are determined for different failure criteria.

Uploaded by

sqaiba_g
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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t

o
Triaxial Stress State
(+ve sense shown)
3D Principal Triaxial Stress
max int min
o o o > >
1 2 3
o o o > >
3D Stress Principal Stresses
3 2
1 2 3
0 I I I o o o + =
The three principal stresses are obtained as the
three real roots of the following equation:
where
1
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
3
2
x y z
x y x z y z xy xz yz
x y z xy xz yz x yz y xz z xy
I
I
I
o o o
o o o o o o t t t
o o o t t t o t o t o t
= + +
= + +
= +
I
1
, I
2
, and I
3
are known as stress invariants as
they do not change in value when the axes are
rotated to new positions.
Stress Invariants for Principal Stress
3 2 1 3
3 1 3 2 2 1 2
3 2 1 1
o o o
o o o o o o
o o o
=
+ + =
+ + =
I
I
I
1
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
3
2
x y z
x y x z y z xy xz yz
x y z xy xz yz x yz y xz z xy
I
I
I
o o o
o o o o o o t t t
o o o t t t o t o t o t
= + +
= + +
= +
Zero shear stress on
principal planes
Mohrs Circle?
There is no Mohrs circle solution for
problems of triaxial stress state
Solution for maximum principal stresses
and maximum shear stress is analytical
Either closed form solution or numerical
solution (or computer program) are used to
solve the eigenvalue problem.
Maximum Shear Stresses
2 3
max,1
2
o o
t

=
1 3
max,2
2
o o
t

=
1 2
max,3
2
o o
t

=
Absolute max shear stress is the numerically larger of:
Normal
Stress, o
o
3
o
1
t
yz,
t
abs

max
o
2
t
xy
t
yz
3D Mohrs Circle Plane Stress
A Case Study The two principal stresses are of the same sign
o
o
3
o
1
o
2
t
3D Mohrs Circle Plane Stress
A Case Study The two principal stresses are of opposite sign
o
o
3
o
1
o
2
t
For the following state of stress, find the principal and critical values.
o
ij
=
|
\

|
.
|
|
|
120 50 0
50 80 0
0 0 0
MPa
Tensor shows that:
o
z
= 0 and t
xz
= t
yz
= 0
80 MPa
120 MPa
50 MPa
y
x
Example:
120 MPa
0 MPa
0 MPa
80 MPa
0 MPa
0 MPa
y
z
x
z
The other 2 faces:
-25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
Normal Stress (MPa)
V
H
t
max
= 77 MPa
3-D Mohrs Circles

Example: triaxial stress state, not
plane stress
Determine the maximum principal stresses
and the maximum shear stress for the
following triaxial stress state. (+ve values as
defined in slide 1)

(
(
(

10 25 30
25 30 40
30 40 20
o=
MPa
Solution
(
(
(

z yz zx
zy y xy
zx xy x
o t t
t o t
t t o
o=
(
(
(

10 25 30
25 30 40
30 40 20
=
MPa
1
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
3
2
x y z
x y x z y z xy xz yz
x y z xy xz yz x yz y xz z xy
I
I
I
o o o
o o o o o o t t t
o o o t t t o t o t o t
= + +
= + +
= +
= 20 + 30 10 = 40 MPa
= -3025 MPa
= 89500 MPa
Solve
3 2
1 2 3
0 I I I o o o + =
Solution to Example
-800000
-600000
-400000
-200000
0
200000
400000
600000
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Stress (MPa)
S
i
g
m
a

(
M
P
a
)
-51.8 MPa
65.3 MPa
26.5 MPa
Open the Exel Spreadsheet triaxial stress.xls for a template to
solve the cubic eqn.
Results
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
5 . 58
) 8 . 51 3 . 65 ( 2 / 1
8 . 51
5 . 26
3 . 65
max
1
2
3
=
+ =
=
=
=
t
o
o
o
Mohrs circles
Normal
Stress, o (MPa)
o
3
=63.5
o
1
= -51.8
t
yz,
t
abs

max
=58.5
o
2
=26.5
Shear (MPa)
Safety Factor?
If the stress state was determined on a steel
crankshaft, made of forged SAE1045 steel with
a yield strength of 300 MPa, what is the factor of
safety against yield?

1. Tresca Criterion: t
max
= 58.5 MPa

6 . 2
) 5 . 58 ( 2
300
2
max
= = =
t
y
S
FS
2. Max Principal Stress Criterion: o
max
= 63.5 MPa
6 . 4
3 . 65
300
2
max
= = =
t
y
S
FS
3. Von Mises Criterion:
9 . 2
3 . 103
300
= = =
e
y
S
FS
o
| |
| |
2 / 1
2 2 2
2 / 1
2
1 3
2
3 2
2
2 1
)) 8 . 51 ( 3 . 65 ( ) 3 . 65 5 . 26 ( ) 5 . 26 8 . 51 (
2
1
) ( ) ( ) (
2
1
+ + =
+ + =
e
e
o
o o o o o o o
MPa
MPa
MPa
8 . 51
5 . 26
3 . 65
1
2
3
=
=
=
o
o
o
=103.31 MPa

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