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Parametric Tests

Parametric tests make assumptions about the sample being representative of the population and scores being normally distributed. The document discusses which parametric tests to use such as t-tests and ANOVA based on comparing means of groups, testing relationships between variables, and predicting values. It also outlines assumptions for t-tests, paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, linear regression, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

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499 views9 pages

Parametric Tests

Parametric tests make assumptions about the sample being representative of the population and scores being normally distributed. The document discusses which parametric tests to use such as t-tests and ANOVA based on comparing means of groups, testing relationships between variables, and predicting values. It also outlines assumptions for t-tests, paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, linear regression, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Uploaded by

malyn1218
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARAMETRIC TESTS

Parametric tests are


statistical tests based on
assumptions that the sample is
representative of the population
and that the scores are normally
distributed.

Which parametric test should I use?


• Make sure parametric tests are
appropriate
• Know what you want to test.
• Determine how many groups or
samples are being tested.
Comparing Means

Consider using:
If you are:
• Comparing a single single sample t-test
sample mean with that of
a hypothetical sample or
population
• Comparing means from paired t-test
the same subjects
measured twice
• Comparing means from
two independent groups
Pooled t-test
(if the variances are not
significantly different) Separate formula t-
(if the variances are test
significantly different)
• Comparing means from One-way ANOVA
more than two
independent groups or
samples Repeated
measures ANOVA
• Comparing means from
the same group measured
twice (within-subjects Repeated
design) measures ANOVA
Testing for
Relationships

If you are examining the kind and


degree of relationship between
variables
– consider using Pearson’s
Coefficient of Correlation

Predicting Values
If you wish to predict the value of one
variable from the value of another:
- Consider using Regression Analysis
Assumptions
Underlying t-test

The three assumptions


underlying the t-test concern
the type of data used in the
test and the characteristics of
the distribution of the
variables.
• T-test requires at least
interval level data for the
dependent measure. The
independent variable is
categorical and contains two
levels, that is, you have two
mutually exclusive groups of
subjects.
• The distribution of the
dependent variable is normal.
• The variances of the
dependent variable for the
Paired t-test
• Compares the means of two
related samples

Assumptions:
4. Data are randomly sampled
5. Data are repeated measures
from the same subjects or data
from matched subjects (a
significant positive correlation is
expected)
6. Data are from a population which
is normally distributed.

Comment: Where used appropriately


a paired t-test is more powerful
than the t-test because
variability is reduced.
One-way ANOVA
Compares the means of more
than two unrelated
(independent) samples
Assumptions:
4. Data are randomly sampled
5. Data are independent
6. Data are from a population that
is normally distributed.
7. The standard deviations of the
two samples or populations are
equal.
Comments: ANOVA on its own does
not tell which groups were
different, however carrying out
repeated tests on pairs of
groups increases type I error.
Post-hoc (unplanned) multiple
comparison tests are designed
to reduce type I error to a given
Repeated Measures
ANOVA
Compares the means of more
than related samples.

Assumptions:
4. Data are randomly sampled
5. Data are repeated measures on
the same subjects, or measures
on matched subjects
6. Data are from a population that
is normally distributed
7. The standard deviations of the
two samples or populations are
equal.
8. The data were obtained
independently in each group.

Comments:
• Same as one-way ANOVA
• A RM design increases the power
of the statistical analysis by
Linear Regression

Describes the “best fit” line


through the data points. The
line is calculated to make the
sum of the squares of the
deviation of the data points
from the line a minimum
value.

Assumption: That the relationship


between the
two variables is
linear.
Pearson’s Product
Moment Correlation
Coefficient
Quantifies the linear relationship
between two variables.
Assumption:
Data are measured on a ratio
or interval scale.

Comments:
• The value of Pearson’s r is from
o to 1 (perfect correlation)
• A positive correlation means
that both variables increase
together, whereas a negative
correlation means that as one
variable increases the other
decreases.
• A statistically significant
correlation does not prove

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