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Scientists in The US Say They Are A Step Closer To Developing Materials That Could Render People Invisible

Scientists are developing new metamaterials that could render objects invisible by bending light around them. Researchers have created nanostructured materials that can cloak 3D objects on a small scale. With further development, they believe these cloaking techniques may one day be able to hide whole people from view. The cloaking works by precisely manipulating light interactions with metamaterials to route waves around the cloaked object.

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111 views11 pages

Scientists in The US Say They Are A Step Closer To Developing Materials That Could Render People Invisible

Scientists are developing new metamaterials that could render objects invisible by bending light around them. Researchers have created nanostructured materials that can cloak 3D objects on a small scale. With further development, they believe these cloaking techniques may one day be able to hide whole people from view. The cloaking works by precisely manipulating light interactions with metamaterials to route waves around the cloaked object.

Uploaded by

Sneha Singh
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Scientists in the US say they are a step closer to developing materials that could render people invisible.

Researchers at the University of California in Berkeley have developed a material that can bend light around 3D objects making them "disappear". The materials do not occur naturally but have been created on a nano scale, measured in billionths of a metre.

Scientist are saying that after nano particles they will be able to make such cloaks so that it may hide a whole person

WHAT IS INVISIBILITY
IN GENERAL ?
Invisibility is the state of an object which cannot be seen. An object in this state is said to be invisible (literally, "not visible"). The term is usually used as a fantasy/science fiction term, where objects are literally made unseeable by magical or technological means; however, its effects can also be seen in the real world, particularly in physics and perceptional psychology. Since objects can be seen by light in the visible spectrum from a source reflecting off their surfaces and hitting the viewer's eye, the most natural form of invisibility (whether real or fictional) is an object which neither reflects nor absorbs light (that is, it allows light to pass through it). An object may be classified as "invisible" if it cannot be noticed by use of sight due to environmental factors other than the fact that it doesn't reflect light. An object that might normally be seeable may be classified as invisible if it is: Behind an object. The same colour or pattern as the background (camouflage) In an environment which is too dark or too bright.

IN PHYSICS DEFITION OF INVISIBILITY !


Theoretical and practical physics offer several causes of invisibility. An object may be invisible if it is: So massive that its escape velocity exceeds the speed of light (such objects are called black holes) Transparent (such as air and many other gases) Emitting or reflecting light outside the wavelength range of visible light. (Radiation is generally invisible by this means.) Unfortunately, this would result in any obscured human being becoming not invisible and transparent, but completely opaque and resembling a human-shaped black hole. Theoretically, it is possible to make an object invisible, if the object has the same refractive index as the surrounding medium (e.g. air.) (This is the mechanic used in HG Well's The Invisible Man.) A recent breakthrough (2006) at Imperial College London has shown that invisibility is possible by using specifically patterned crystals made up of nanoscale boxes that hold electrons. When light hits these crystals, it becomes entangled within the boxes, causing the object to become transparent.[2]

BY TECNOLOGY DEFETION OF INVISINVISIBILITY!


Technology can be used theoretically or practically to render real-world objects invisible: Making use of real-time image displayed on a wearable display, scientists are able to create a see-through effect, if not invisibility. This is known as active camouflage. Though stealth technology is cited as invisibility to radar, all officially disclosed applications of the technology can only reduce the size and/or clarity of the signature detected by radar In some science fiction stories, a hypothetical "cloaking device" is used to make objects invisible. On Thursday October 19, 2006 a team effort of researchers from Britain and the U.S announced the development of a real cloak of invisibility, though it is only in its first stages In filmmaking, people, objects, or backgrounds can be made to look invisible on camera through a process known as chroma keying. Although it has been shown that making opaque objects perfectly invisible ("nonscattering scatterers") is impossible,[4][5] 2006 theoretical work predicts that the imperfections need not be serious, and metamaterials may make real-life "cloaking devices" practical.[6][7] The

ARE WE REALLY BECOMING INVISIBLE ?


THE ANSWER IS YES !

BUT HOW IS THAT POSSIBLE ?


BY THE BELOW MEANS !
One would see whatever is behind the cloak . . That is, the cloak is, ideally, transparent. Since we do not have a perfect cloak at this point, there is some reflection and some shadow, meaning that the background would still be visible just darkened somewhat. In addition to hiding things, redirecting electromagnetic waves could prove useful in protecting sensitive electronics from harmful radiation, the next breakthrough is likely to be an experimental demonstration of the cloaking in visible light. The research was supported by the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program and the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical.

In order to have the 'Harry Potter' effect, you just need to find the right materials for the visible wavelengths It works in the process like Light is neither absorbed nor reflected by the objects, passing "like water flowing around a rock," according to the researchers. As a result, only the light from behind the objects can be seen. "It's a careful choice of the right materials and the right structuring to get this effect for the first time at these wavelengths And a genuine cloaking effect isn't far around the corner. The fine structure of the material gives it lightbending abilities

For a total invisibility effect, the waves passing closest to the cloaked object would have to be bent in such a way that they would appear to exceed relativity's light speed limit. Fortunately, there's a loophole in Albert Einstein's rules of the road that allows smooth pulses of light to undergo just such a phase shift.

Now question arises how does cloak works?


The black lines in this drawing show the path that light rays would take through a theoretical cloaking device. The device's metamaterial would be patterned in such a way to route the rays around the cloaked sphere. Researchers say they are rapidly closing in on new types of materials that can throw a cloak of invisibility around objects, fulfilling a fantasy that is as old as ancient myths and as young as "Star Trek" and the Harry Potter novels. The latest research papers describe how metamaterial could be fabricated to bend light in carefully curved paths around the object to be hidden, so that an observer would see right through it or more accurately, right around it to the other side. . "All light or other electromagnetic waves are swept around the area, guided by the metamaterial to emerge on the other side as if they had passed through an empty volume of space."

Dreams comes true in few catches Theoretically at least, the metamaterial could work like the helmet of invisibility celebrated in Greek myth, or the cloaking device that hid Romulus and Killington vessels in the "Star Trek" series, or the invisibility cloak that came in so handy for Harry Potter in J.K. Rowling' novels. "Fiction has predicted the course of science for some time. ... Maybe these Harry Potter novels were ahead of their time," Pendry said, half-jokingly

For a total invisibility effect, the waves passing closest to the cloaked object would have to be bent in such a way that they would appear to exceed relativity's light speed limit. Fortunately, there's a loophole in Albert Einstein's rules of the road that allows smooth pulses of light to undergo just such a phase shift.

MACENISM BEHIND CLOAK!


"It's a careful choice of the right materials and the right structuring to get this effect for the first time at these wavelengths THERE IS ATHING BEHING IT AND IT IS Active camouflage

IT is a group of camouflage technologies which allow an object to blend into its surroundings by use of panels or coatings capable of altering their appearance, color, luminance and reflective properties

There is one more thing behind it


It is Phased array optics (PAO Phased array optics (PAO) provides a more ideal implementation of optical camouflage . Instead of producing a two dimensional image of background scenery on an object, PAO would use computational holography to produce a three dimensional hologram of background scenery on an object to be concealed. Unlike a two dimensional image, the holographic image would appear to be the actual scenery behind the object independent of viewer distance or view angle.

And a genuine cloaking effect isn't far around the corner.


The invisibility effect would work only for a specific range of wavelengths. "There is a price to be paid if you want a thin cloak, in that it operates only over a narrow range of frequencies," Pendry said. The cloak could be made to cover a volume of any shape, but "you can't flap your cloak," Pendry said. Moving the material around would spoil the effect.

The tiny structures embedded in the metamaterial would have to be smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic rays you wanted to bend. . That's a tall order for optical invisibility, because the structures would have to be on the scale of nanometers, or billionths of a meter It's far easier to create radar invisibility
The catch here is that the invisibility effect would work only if you were on the same plane as the hidden object

BENEFITS TO THE CIVILIZATION If optical cloaks could be designed, that would be of interest to the military as well. "One obvious thing would be that you could construct a hutch in which you could hide a tank, and the hutch would make it appear as though the tank wasn't there You could also think of weightier things, like submarines or battleships, where you might want to put some of this stuff," Pendry said. You may wish to put a cloak over the refinery that is blocking your view of the bay,"

The method could also work to block sound waves like the cone of silence on the "Get Smart" TV show, but not as silly

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