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Adhoc Networs

Ad hoc wireless networks are multi-hop wireless networks that can be formed spontaneously as nodes connect to each other without any centralized administration or fixed infrastructure nodes. They are useful when infrastructure is not available, practical, or affordable. Each node acts as a router and participates in discovery and maintenance of routes to other nodes. Challenges in designing ad hoc wireless networks include medium access, routing, multicasting, topology management, security, and energy conservation due to node mobility and bandwidth constraints.

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Manish Vm
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72 views18 pages

Adhoc Networs

Ad hoc wireless networks are multi-hop wireless networks that can be formed spontaneously as nodes connect to each other without any centralized administration or fixed infrastructure nodes. They are useful when infrastructure is not available, practical, or affordable. Each node acts as a router and participates in discovery and maintenance of routes to other nodes. Challenges in designing ad hoc wireless networks include medium access, routing, multicasting, topology management, security, and energy conservation due to node mobility and bandwidth constraints.

Uploaded by

Manish Vm
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ad hoc Wireless Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Ad hoc Networks

useful when infrastructure not available, impractical, or expensive Do not need backbone infrastructure support Are easy to deploy military applications, rescue, home networking Host movement and Topology change frequent Infrastructure may not be present in a disaster area or war zone Infrastructure may not be practical for short-range radios; Bluetooth (range ~ 10m) No cellular infrastructure. Multi-hop wireless links. Data must be routed via intermediate nodes. A B B A

MANET

MANET-Some Features

Temporary network composed of mobile nodes without preexisting communication infrastructure, such as Access Point (AP) and Base Station (BS)- Each node plays the role of router for multi-hop routing Self-organizing network without infrastructure networks Each node decode-and-forward packets for other nodes Multi-hop packet forwarding through wireless links

Mobile Ad hoc Networks


Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: multi-hop radio relaying and without support of infrastructure Wireless Mesh Networks Wireless Sensor Networks

EXAMPLE

Comparison

Comparison

Applications

Personal area networking

cell phone, laptop, ear phone, wrist watch soldiers, tanks, planes taxi cab network meeting rooms sports stadiums boats, small aircraft search-and-rescue policing and fire fighting

Military environments

Civilian environments

Emergency operations

Wireless Mesh Networks


An alternate communication infrastructure for mobile or fixed nodes/users Provides many alternate paths for a data transfer session between a source and destination Advantages are High data rate, quick and low cost of deployment, enhanced services, high scalability, easy extendability, high availability, and low cost per bit

Wireless Sensor Networks


A collection of a large number of sensor nodes that are deployed in a particular region Differences with the ad hoc wireless networks

Mobility of nodes ( not mandatory), size of network (larger) density of deployment ( depends on application) power constraints (more stringent than ad hoc) data/information fusion ( for reducing delay of packets) traffic distribution ( traffic pattern varies depends on applictaion)

Challenges in Mobile Environments

Limitations of the Wireless Network


packet loss due to transmission errors variable capacity links frequent disconnections/partitions limited communication bandwidth Broadcast nature of the communications

Limitations Imposed by Mobility


dynamically changing topologies/routes lack of mobility awareness by system/applications

Limitations of the Mobile Computer


short battery lifetime limited capacities

Issues in Designing MANET

Medium access scheme


Distributed operation Synchronization Hidden terminals Exposed terminals Throughput Access Delay Real time traffic support Resource reservation Ability to measure resource availability Power control Use of directional antennas

Issues in Designing MANET

Routing

Mobility Bandwidth Constraint Error prone shared medium Location dependent contention Other resource constraints Minimum route acquisition delay Quick route reconfiguration Loop free routing Distributed routing approach Minimum control overhead Scalability

Requirements of a Routing protocol

QoS Security and privacy

Issues in Designing MANET

Multicasting

Robustness Efficiency Control overhead QoS Efficient group management Scalability Security

Issues in Designing MANET

TPC protocol

Setting up and maintain end to end delivery of packets, flow control and congestion control Non optimal path consumes more resources and affects throughput, wastes battery power and energy of nodes Per flow, per node per link basis.

Pricing scheme

QoS

Issues in Designing MANET

Self-organization

Neighbor discovery, topology organization. Topology reorganization Denial of service, Information disclosure, Interference

Security

Energy management

Transmission power management Battery energy management Processor power management Device power management

Issues in Designing MANET

Addressing and service discovery Scalability Deployment considerations

Low cost of deployment Incremental deployment Short deployment time Reconfigurability

Effect of mobility on the protocol stack

Application

new applications and adaptations congestion and flow control addressing and routing media access and handoff transmission errors and interference

Transport

Network

Link

Physical

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