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Investigation

The document discusses site investigation methods for construction projects. Site investigations determine subsurface conditions like soil/rock profiles, groundwater levels, and other geological features. Subsurface explorations help select foundation types and depths, assess bearing capacity and settlement, and identify construction difficulties. Common exploration methods include open excavations, borings, subsurface soundings, and geophysical techniques. Borings can be done via auger, wash, percussion, or rotary methods. Geophysical methods are used for deep exploration or when speed is important.

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63 views10 pages

Investigation

The document discusses site investigation methods for construction projects. Site investigations determine subsurface conditions like soil/rock profiles, groundwater levels, and other geological features. Subsurface explorations help select foundation types and depths, assess bearing capacity and settlement, and identify construction difficulties. Common exploration methods include open excavations, borings, subsurface soundings, and geophysical techniques. Borings can be done via auger, wash, percussion, or rotary methods. Geophysical methods are used for deep exploration or when speed is important.

Uploaded by

sudhir_921995600
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Site Investigation

Site investigation, in general deals with determining in general, the suitability of the site for the proposed construction. Soil exploration is a part of site investigation. It attempts at understanding the subsurface conditions such as:
1. Soil and rock profile 2. Geological features of the region 3. Position and variation of ground water table 4. Physical properties of soil and rock 5. Contamination, if any 6. General data of adjacent structures, hydrological data, topography, soil maps, seismicity, etc.

Sub-soil explorations is done for the following purposes:


1. The selection of type and depth of foundation 2. The determination of bearing capacity of the selected foundation. 3. The prediction of settlement of the selected foundation. 4. The determination of the ground water level. 5. The evaluation of the earth pressure against walls, basement, abutment etc. 6. The provision against constructional difficulties 7. The suitability of soil and degree of compaction of soil.

Method of Site Exploration


Open Excavation Boring Sub-surface Soundings Geo-Physical methods

Open Excavation (Open Trial Pits)


Trial pits are the cheapest method of exploration in shallow deposits, since these can be used in all types of soils. The biggest advantage of this method is that soil strata can be inspected in their natural condition and samples can be conveniently taken.

Boring Methods

1. Auger Boring

2. Wash Boring

3.Percussion Boring

4.Rotary Boring

Sub-Surface Soundings
The sounding methods consists of measuring the resistance of the soil with depth by means of penetrometer under static or dynamic loading. The penetrometer may consist of a sample spoon, a cone or other shaped tool. The resistance to penetration is empiracally correlated with some of the engineering properties of soil, such as density index, consistency, bearing capacity etc.

Cone Penetrometer

Geo-Physical Methods
Geo-Physical methods are used when the depth of exploration is very large, Also when the speed of investigation is of primary importance. Geo-Physical investigations involve the detection of significant differences in the physical properties of geological formation. The major methods of geo-physical investigation widely used in civil Engineering are seismic refraction method, and electrical resistivity.

Electrical Resistivity Method

Seismic Refraction Method

Choice Of Exploration Method


1. Nature of ground 2. Topography 3. Cost.

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