Scribd
Upload
341 views21 pages

Hydraulic Basics: Automatic Transmission Hydraulic Systems

The hydraulic system in an automatic transmission provides the force to apply clutches and bands through pressurized fluid. It maintains fluid flow through the torque converter and transmission parts for lubrication and cooling. The transmission uses a pump driven by the torque converter to pressurize fluid and a valve body to control fluid flow. Pressurized fluid is used to operate clutches, bands, and servos to shift gears. ATF fluid is specially formulated oil that transfers pressure through the hydraulic system and provides lubrication.

Uploaded by

Sumanth Vasista
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
341 views21 pages

Hydraulic Basics: Automatic Transmission Hydraulic Systems

The hydraulic system in an automatic transmission provides the force to apply clutches and bands through pressurized fluid. It maintains fluid flow through the torque converter and transmission parts for lubrication and cooling. The transmission uses a pump driven by the torque converter to pressurize fluid and a valve body to control fluid flow. Pressurized fluid is used to operate clutches, bands, and servos to shift gears. ATF fluid is specially formulated oil that transfers pressure through the hydraulic system and provides lubrication.

Uploaded by

Sumanth Vasista
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Hydraulic Basics

Automatic Transmission Hydraulic Systems

Transmission Hydraulics
The hydraulic system in an automatic transmission: Provides the force to apply the clutches and bands.

Provides a means to control these forces.


Maintains a fluid flow through the torque converter. Maintains a fluid flow though the moving parts of the gear train for lubrication and cooling.

Fluids
Hydraulics is based on the principle the fluids can be moved through complex passages and take the shape of their container. But they cannot be compressed so they can be used to transfer very high pressures.
3

Fluid Pressure
Fluids transmit pressure equally throughout a system. There will be an equal pressure at each point in the system.

Animation: Fluid Pressure

Fluid Force
The pressure in this system is determined by the size of the input piston and amount of force pushing on it. The amount of output force is determined by the size of the output piston and the amount of fluid pressure. 100 psi pushing on 2 square inches generates a force of 200 pounds.
5

Simple Hydraulic System


This simple system contains a sump to store the fluid, a filter to clean the fluid, a pump to move the fluid and create pressure, a pressure regulator valve to control fluid pressure, a control valve to control fluid flow, and an actuator to do the work.
Animation: Simple Hydraulic Shifts
6

Trans. System, Pan & Pump


In most transmissions, the pan is the sump for fluid storage. The pump is at the front of the transmission and is driven by the torque converter. The pump operates whenever the engine is running. The filter is in the pan to clean the fluid going to the pump.

Pump Operation, Internal-External Gear


The inner gear of this pump is driven by the torque converter, and it drives the outer gear. Rotation of the gears generates a low pressure area where they separate. Fluid enters this area from the sump and filter. The fluid is forced from the gears into the transmission passages.

Gerotor Pumps
The inner rotor is driven by the torque converter, and it drives the outer rotor. A low pressure area is created where the lobes of the two rotors separate, and a high pressure is created where they come back together. The cavities in the rotors transport the fluid.
Animation: Gerotor Pump
9

Vane Pumps
The vanes turn with the rotor and maintain contact with the outer wall (slide). As the rotor turns, the vanes transfer fluid from the low pressure area to the high pressure area. This is a variable output pump, and the output will be reduced when the pressure increases.

Animation: Vane Pump

10

Multiple/TwoStage Pumps
This two-stage pump has two outputs. When engine speed is low, both the left and right gear sets will pump fluid to the system. When engine speed increased, primary stage (left side) pressure will close the shuttle valve, and the secondary stage becomes ineffective (as shown).
11

Pressure Regulator Operation


When pump pressure gets stronger than the spring, the pressure regulator valve (green) will move upward. Valve movement will open the passage to the torque converter. Further movement from higher pressure will move the valve to allow excess pressure to return to the pump inlet. The boost valve (yellow) allows a higher pressure for certain transmission operations.
12

Pressure Regulation, Vane Pump

When pressure increases, fluid will enter the decrease passage. This fluid will move the slide toward the rotor, reducing the size of the pumping chambers. Slide movement reduces pump output to match the needs of the transmission.
13

Fluid Flow Control


Automatic transmissions use spool valves to control the fluid flows. This manual valve is positioned by the shift lever. It determines the operating sequence that is desired by the driver.

14

Clutch Release and Apply


Movement of the manual valve from REVERSE to DRIVE opens the Reverse passage to drain. This releases the clutch used for reverse. Manual valve movement also opened the drive passage, sending fluid to apply the Forward Clutch.
Animation: Clutch Operation
15

Spool Valves

Spool Valves resemble a spool for thread. The valve lands fit closely inside of the valve bore. When the valve slides down a bore, the lands cover or uncover ports in the bore. The valve grooves for passages so fluid can flow through the valve.
16

Valve Body
A valve body contains a group of valves, plugs, bushings, springs, and with modern transmissions, solenoids.

17

Shift Valve
This shift valve is positioned by a spring that pushes it toward the right, throttle pressure (also pushing toward the right), When the valve is at the right, line and governor pressure flows through to apply the pressure (pushing band. toward the left. When the valve is at the left, band apply pressure escapes to exhaust.

18

Actuators, Clutch Pistons


This clutch drum contains the piston (green) that applies the clutch. Clutch apply force is determined by the amount of fluid pressure multiplied by the area of the piston. Piston area is a product of the piston outside (OD) and inside diameters (ID).
19

Servos
Apply pressure moves the servo piston to squeeze the band against the drum to bring it to a stop. This servo can be released fluid pressure in the Release Pressure passage or by a spring (green) when apply pressure is released.
Animation: Band & Servo Operation
20

ATF
ATF is about 80 to 90% oil 5W20 oil with additives that include: dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, rust and corrosion inhibitors, antifoam additives, antiwear additives, seal swell agents, and friction modifiers. Most vehicle manufacturers have developed specific formulations to suit their transmissions.
21

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy