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Kamlesh Patel
[M.Phil, MLISc, BLISc, B.Com] E-mail: kamalesh_jp@yahoo.com

Mob.: +91 98245 90747

What is RFID?
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic

identification method, replying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. - Wikipedia Smart card or integrated circuit card (ICC) is defined as a pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits which can process information. This implies that it can receive input which is processed by way of the ICC application. - Wikipedia

Difference between Barcode and RFID

Information can be read from RFID tags much faster than from barcodes Several items in a stack/counter can be read at the same time using RFID Items do not have to be handled one-by-one nor removed from the shelves Inventory-taking is no longer a tedious operation RFID can stand more than 10,000 read/write RFID can have theft bit which can be in two states ON/OFF Shelf verification/rectification can be done on daily basis More information can be written in the RFID tag on incremental basis Need not open/remove books to capture information Items are identified on upper and lower shelves more comfortably

RFID vs Barcode

Key Features of an RFID-Library vs a Barcode solution

Five important sentences about RFID for Library

RFID tags replaced both the EM Security strips and

Barcode. They simplify patron self check-out and check-in. They have the ability to handle materials without exception for video and audio tapes. Radio Frequency anti-theft detection is innovative and safe. It is high-speed inventory and identifies items which are out of proper order.

RFID System Components

Tags
Smart Cards Reader Antenna Coupler RFID Anti theft Gate

TAGS
RFID

tags that are electronically programmed with unique information. Flexible, paper-thin smart labels that are applied directly to library items. Each RFID tag contains a tiny chip, which is both readable and writable and can store information to identify items in your collection. In library applications, it also stores a security bit and if needed, information to support sorting systems. There are two main types of tags: Passive and Active:
Passive tags only provide information when scanned by a reader. Active tags actively transmit data to a reader.

Within a passive tag there can be different types of microchip e.g. Hitag1, Hitag2, EM4102, I-Code or Q5 etc. each with varying levels of functionality; increased memory, read/write or read-only capabilities. There are three types of tags:
Read only Write once (WORM: Write Once Read Many)

Full read/write

 Tags are also are available with different frequencies: Low frequency (120-140Khz) High frequency (13.56 MHz) Ultra-high frequency (868-956Mhz)

Smart Card
The history of smart card starts with microprocessor

chips, which were first manufactured in 1966 by Fairchild Instruments and Texas Instruments. The idea of using plastic cards as the carrier of microchips was developed by Jergen Dethloff in 1968. Types of Smart Card
Integrated circuit (IC) microprocessor cards Integrated circuit (IC) memory cards Optical memory cards

Reader
Inventory readers are used for stock verification for

locating specific item fast. During the inventory checking process, the readers can be directly connected to the library servers with databases or store the data in a pocket PC and transfer to the library database upon completion. Lets you take inventory and locate missing items. The RFID Inventory Control System consists of two parts: 1) a hand-held RFID reader that you can use to scan items on your shelves and 2) software developed that lets you generate inventory reports about the collected data.

Low Frequency Readers (125-134.2 KHz)

High Frequency Readers (13.56 MHz)

Antenna
A conduit between RFID tags and the coupler. RFID antennas emit radio waves that activate

RFID tags as they pass through the activation field. After a tag is activated, it can send information to or receive information from the coupler. An antenna connected to the coupler.

Coupler
The link between RFID tags and the PC. The coupler

can send information in two directions: It can read information from a tag and send it to the PC (read mode), or it can read information from the PC and send it to an RFID tag (write mode)
PC: The link between the coupler and your library automation

system. It has developed software that runs on your PC to provide an interface between the RFID hardware and your library automation system. Server: A server to receive and decode the information and to communicate with the automated library system.

Protocol of RFID system integration with Library Management Software

SIP
NCIP

Library RFID Management Architecture

System Four Phase

Library Security System Only. Using RFID Tag replace EM Security Stripe Support Library Circulation Using RFID tags replace the barcode in Circulation process. Reading books access number from RFID than from barcode to borrow and return the book. Patron Self Check-in/Check-out Let patron do the check-out and check-in process of books. Smart and Quick Inventory Search and Inventory by reading the RFID using portable reader and portable computer.

RFID Management Systems

RFID Transponder

Counter Station/ Staff Station

Self check-out and check-in station Book-drop/ Return station

Shelf Management System

RFID EAS Gate/ Anti theft Detection

RFID Transponder
An RFID tag is the most important link in any RFID system. It

has the ability to store information relating to the specific item to which they are attached, rewrite again without any requirement for contact or line of sight. Data within a tag may provide identification for an item, proof of ownership, original storage location, loan status and history.
KEY BENIFIT
Allows check-out and check-in several items simultaneously Information directly attached to product Performing both identification and antitheft in one single operation

Different shape and sizes available

Able to tag almost anything Accelerate scanning and identifying

Counter Station/ Staff Station

Together with circulation module from Library Automation

Software, this station is used for the following services:

Editing and updating of patrons record Add and deleting of patrons record Generate loan history for a particular patrons

Managing of fines incurred by the patron

Arm/Disarm of EAS bit inside the library material Program of new library material Sort item in accordance to their branch and category number The features of this station depend on the module loaded by

the Library Automation Software.

KEY BENEFITS: Provide Value Added Customer Service instead of manual daily routine Perform media check-in/-out for those patrons who choose not to use the self service system Help patron that need assistance from the staff

Self check-out and check-in station

KEY BENEFITS: 1. to Librarian:
Speeds up book check-in / check-out Frees staff to better service patrons Better space planning Increases membership rate Easy to use: books can be read in any orientation Reduces queuing time Provides patron privacy Encourages patrons to come back

2. to Patrons:

Book-drop/ Return station

The Book Drops can be located anywhere, within or

outside the library. Possible remote locations outside the library include MRT/train stations, shopping centers, schools; etc. This offers unprecedented flexibility and convenience of returning library items at anytime of the day, even when the library is closed.

 KEY BENEFITS:
The ability to return books during off hours. Loans for the returned items will be instantaneously

cancelled so that patron may immediately borrow again. Librarians are able to allocate more time to customer service, as they are free from the labor-intensive loan cancellation activity associated with bar-code system. Display the return status and printing receipt. The design of the Book Drops is such that items cannot be retrieved back once deposited.

Shelf Management System

The Shelf Management Solution makes locating and

identifying items on the shelves an easy task for librarians. It comprises basically of a portable scanner and a base station. The solution is designed to cover three main requirements:
Search for individual books requested Inventory check of the whole library stock Search for books which are miss-helved

In situations when search function is required, whether for

a particular item or an item category, the information is first entered into the portable scanner from the base station, and when a foreign item is found on the shelves, a built-in beeper sound to alert the librarians.

 KEY BENEFITS: 1. Changes inventory process:

No more book handling: just pass the reader across shelved books to perform an instant inventory. Accuracy: book identification numbers are registered in the ShelfManagement Reader. The data is then downloaded to the central database. The fastest inventory you have ever made: 20 books per second. Notification: books to be pulled are up-loaded to the reader for quick identification.

2. User friendly: Light weight Wand allows easy reading of high and low shelves 3. Saves time and resources: Implementers indicate a 75% reduction in human resources required for shelf management activities.

RFID EAS Gate/ Anti theft Detection

The RFID EAS Gate is the anti-theft part of the RFID Library Management System using the same RFID tags embedded in the library items. Each lane is able to track items of 1 meter or more and would trigger the alarm system when an un-borrowed item passed through them. The alarm will sound and lights on the gate will flash as patron passes through with the library material. The EAS Anti-Theft Gate is used to detect RFID tag that is equipped with EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance). It can detect the RFID tags within 1 meter range without interference of magnetic items, upon detecting of Armed RFID

tags, the alarm will sound on the gate. It has option to trigger a Camera to record patrons who trigger the alarm to the Surveillance Station.

Theft detection is an integral feature of the chip within the tag. It is a standalone technology, which operates independently of the library database. FEATURES: Detect EAS Armed RFID tags Multi-item detection Able to integrate camera with the gate (Option) Gale to integrate with Surveillance Station (Option)

 KEY BENEFITS: Single technology is required for both inventory and theft management of the library. Library staff is alerted immediately when un-borrowed items passes through the theft detection gates. Would-be thieves are deterred by the physical presence of the gates. Number of patrons passing through the gantry is captured by a counter on the gates Alarm volume can be easily controlled.

Question Answer