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Sprinkler Irrigation

This document provides an overview of sprinkler irrigation systems. It defines sprinkler irrigation as a method of applying pressurized irrigation water similar to rainfall using sprinklers located on pipes called laterals. Sprinkler irrigation is suitable for field crops, vegetables, and other plants. The key factors that determine sprinkler system design and application rates are nozzle size, operating pressure, sprinkler spacing, and soil infiltration rate. Globally, the US has the largest area of land irrigated by sprinklers, while in India and Pakistan sprinkler irrigation saves an average of 50% of water compared to other methods.

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Mahipal Reddy
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2K views23 pages

Sprinkler Irrigation

This document provides an overview of sprinkler irrigation systems. It defines sprinkler irrigation as a method of applying pressurized irrigation water similar to rainfall using sprinklers located on pipes called laterals. Sprinkler irrigation is suitable for field crops, vegetables, and other plants. The key factors that determine sprinkler system design and application rates are nozzle size, operating pressure, sprinkler spacing, and soil infiltration rate. Globally, the US has the largest area of land irrigated by sprinklers, while in India and Pakistan sprinkler irrigation saves an average of 50% of water compared to other methods.

Uploaded by

Mahipal Reddy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sprinkler Irrigation

Definition
Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying

irrigation water which is similar to rainfall Pressurized irrigation through devices called sprinklers Sprinklers are usually located on pipes called laterals

Application
Suitable for almost all field crops like Wheat,

Gram, Pulses as well as Vegetables, Cotton, Soya bean, Tea, Coffee, and other fodder crops.
Suitable for Residential, Industrial, Hotel,

Resorts, Public & Government Enterprises, Golf Links, Race courses.

Suitable slopes Sprinkler irrigation is adaptable to any farmable slope, whether uniform or undulating. Suitable soil Sprinklers are best suited to sandy soils with high infiltration rate

Suitable irrigation water A good clean supply of water, free of suspended sediments.

Application rate
The application rate depends on
Size of Sprinkler Nozzles

Operating Pressure
Distance between Sprinklers

Average application rate should less than the basic infiltration rate of the soil.

Sprinkler Application Rate


Must be Less than Intake Rates
Soil Texture Coarse Sand Max. Appln. Rates (mm/hr.) 20 to 40

Fine Sand
Sandy Loam Silt Loam Clay Loam/Clay

12 to 25
12 10 5 to 8

Sprinkler drop sizes


As water sprays from a sprinkler it breaks up

into small drops between 0.5 and 4.0 mm in size. Large drops can damage delicate crops and soils and so in such conditions it is best to use the smaller sprinklers. Drop size is also controlled by pressure and nozzle size

Sprinkler System Capacity:


The system capacity is dependent on the:
Peak crop water requirements during the growing

season. Effective crop rooting depth. Texture and infiltration rate of the soil. The available water-holding capacity of the soil If the water source is a one or more wells, the well or wells pumping capacity

Sprinkler System all over world


A total area under sprinkler irrigation in the world was

about 21.58 Million hac by 1990 USA is the largest user of sprinkler irrigation technology with area of 8.57 m.ha. In India, the area irrigated by sprinkler irrigation is 0.25 Million ha.

Water Savings by sprinkler system


With regard to water savings, previous studies

have reported the savings in irrigation water 29 to 56% in India 46 to 65% in Pakistan An average saving of 50% means that irrigated area could be increased to 1.5 times of the existing area without any increase in water allocation.

Limitations of Sprinkler Irrigation System:


Regulatory approval may be difficult to

obtain because of the potential of direct release for contaminants to the atmosphere. Ponding of wastewater may result from heavy irrigation. Metal contaminated wastewater can't be treated. Performance may be effected by temperature.

Policy Interventions
Government provides subsidy schemes for

Sprinkler irrigation system.

Sprinkler irrigation in india


Sprinkler irrigatuin in 1985 -0.23 mha Sprinkler irrigatuin in 1998 - 0.67 mha UP state alone accounts for about 27.70 percent

in the Indias total potential of Sprinkler irrigation.

Sprinkler Application Rate


Must be Less than Intake Rates
Soil Texture Coarse Sand Max. Appln. Rates (mm/hr.) 20 to 40

Fine Sand
Sandy Loam Silt Loam Clay Loam/Clay

12 to 25
12 10 5 to 8

Traveling Volume Gun Sprinkler Irrigating from Lagoon

Portable Solid-Set Sprinkler System

Side-Roll Sprinkler Lateral in Peanuts

System Components
Sprinklers
Devices (usually brass or plastic) with one or more

small diameter nozzles

Impact sprinklers
Drive or range nozzle (hits sprinkler arm and throws

water out farther) Spreader nozzle (optional; Applies more water close to the sprinkler) Trajectory angles Part-circle sprinklers Used in all types of irrigation, but especially agricultural crops

Impact Sprinklers
Two-nozzle, bronze impact sprinkler

Range (Drive) Nozzle

Impact Arm

Trajectory Angle

Spreader Nozzle

Bearing

Single Sprinkler

Overlapped Sprinklers
Uniform Application: Overlap 50% of sprinkler wetted diameter

Non-uniform Application: Overlap << 50% of sprinkler wetted diameter

Maximum Spacing of Sprinklers

Thank You

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