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File I/O in C++

File I/O in C++ allows programs to read from and write to files. Key aspects include: 1. Files must be opened before use via file streams like ifstream and ofstream. 2. Common file operations include reading and writing characters with get() and put(), or blocks of data with read() and write(). 3. Binary files can be read from and written to directly using file streams and functions like get(), put(), read(), and write().

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138 views24 pages

File I/O in C++

File I/O in C++ allows programs to read from and write to files. Key aspects include: 1. Files must be opened before use via file streams like ifstream and ofstream. 2. Common file operations include reading and writing characters with get() and put(), or blocks of data with read() and write(). 3. Binary files can be read from and written to directly using file streams and functions like get(), put(), read(), and write().

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sandeepkulange
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File I/O in C++

Using Input/Output Files


A computer file is stored on a secondary storage device (e.g., dis !" is permanent" can #e used to provide input data to a program or receive output data from a program, or #ot$" s$ould reside in %ro&ect directory for easy access" must #e opened #efore it is used.

'eneral File I/O (teps


)eclare a file name varia#le Associate t$e file name varia#le *it$ t$e dis file name Open t$e file Use t$e file Close t$e file

Using Input/Output Files

stream - a sequence of characters interactive (iostream! cin + input stream associated *it$ keyboard. cout + output stream associated *it$ display. file (fstream! ifstream + defines ne* input stream (normally associated *it$ a file!. ofstream + defines ne* output stream (normally associated *it$ a file!.

(tream I/O ,i#rary -eader Files


.ote/ 0$ere is no 1.$2 on standard $eader files / 3fstream4 iostream ++ contains #asic information re5uired for all stream I/O operations iomanip ++ contains information useful for performing formatted I/O *it$ parameteri6ed stream manipulators fstream ++ contains information for performing file I/O operations strstream ++ contains information for performing in+memory I/O operations (i.e., into or from strings in memory!

Classes for (tream I/O in C++

ios is the base class. istream and ostream inherit from ios ifstream inherits from istream (and ios) ofstream inherits from ostream (and ios) iostream inherits from istream and ostream (& ios) fstream inherits from ifstream, iostream, and ofstream

C++ streams
#include <fstream> int main (void) { //Local declarations ifstream fs n! ofstream fs"ut! . . . return #! $

O#&ect and 7em#er Functions


Stream handle Name Member Function Name

input_stream.open("numbers.dat" )
Calling Object Dot Operator File Name

File I/O 89ample/ :riting


;include 3fstream4 using namespace std" int main(void! < ofstream outFile(1fout.t9t=!" outFile 33 =-ello :orld>=" outFile.close(!" return ?" @

File I/O 89ample/ :riting


;include 3fstream4 using namespace std" int main(void! < ofstream outFile" outFile.open(1fout.t9t2!" outFile 33 1First line2" //#e$ave &ust li e cout outFile.close(!" outFile331Anot$er line233endl" //AA return ?" @

File I/O 89ample/ Beading


;include 3iostream4 ;include 3fstream4 int main(void! < ifstream openFile(1data.t9t=!" //open a te9t file data.t9t c$ar c$" *$ile(>OpenFile.eof(!! < OpenFile.get(c$!" cout 33 c$" @ OpenFile.close(!" return ?" @

File I/O 89ample/ Beading


;include 3iostream4 ;include 3fstream4 ;include 3string4 int main(void! < ifstream openFile(1data.t9t=!" //)eclare and open a te9t file string line" *$ile(>openFile.eof(!! < getline(openFile,line!"//fetc$ line from data.t9t and put it in a string cout 33 line" @ openFile.close(!" return ?" @

File I/O 89ample/ Beading


#include iostream! #include fstream! #include string! int main"#oid$ % ifstream openFile"&data.t't($) **open a te't file data.t't string line) if"openFile.is+open"$$% ** ,hile"-openFile.eof"$$% getline"openFile.line$)**read a line from data.t't and put it in a string cout line) / else% cout &File does not e'ist-0 endl) e'it"1$)/ / openFile.close"$) return 2) /

7ore Input File+Belated Functions


ifstream fsin) fs3n.open"const char45 fname$ connects stream fs3n to t$e e9ternal file fname. fs3n.get"char6 character$ e9tracts ne9t c$aracter from t$e input stream fs3n and places it in t$e c$aracter varia#le character. fs3n.eof"$ tests for t$e end+of+file condition.

7ore Output File+Belated Functions


ofstream fsOut) fsOut.open"const char45 fname$ connects stream fsOut to t$e e9ternal file fname. fsOut.put"char character$ inserts c$aracter character to t$e output stream fsOut. fsOut.eof"$ tests for t$e end+of+file condition.

File Open 7ode


.ame ios//in ios//out ios//app ios//ate ios//trunc ios//nocreate ios//noreplace ios//#inary Open file to read Open file to *rite All t$e date you *rite, is put at t$e end of t$e file. It calls ios//out All t$e date you *rite, is put at t$e end of t$e file. It does not call ios//out )eletes all previous content in t$e file. (empties t$e file! If t$e file does not e9ists, opening it *it$ t$e open(! function gets impossi#le. If t$e file e9ists, trying to open it *it$ t$e open(! function, returns an error. Opens t$e file in #inary mode. )escription

File Open 7ode


#include <fstream> int main(void) { ofstream out%ile(&file'.t(t&, ios))out)! out%ile << &*hat+s ne,-.n&! out%ile.close()! /eturn #! $
f 0ou ,ant to set more than one o1en mode, 2ust use the OR o1erator- |. *his ,a0) ios))ate 3 ios))binar0

Dealing ,ith 7inary files

%unctions for binar0 file handlin4 4et()) read a b0te and 1oint to the ne(t b0te to read 1ut()) ,rite a b0te and 1oint to the ne(t location for ,rite read()) bloc5 readin4 ,rite()) bloc5 ,ritin4

Dealing ,ith 7inary files

6ome useful functions see54())Go to a specific position when reading see51())Go to a specific position when writing tell4()) Retunrs an int type, that shows the current position of
the inside-pointer. This one works only when you read a file.

tell1()) The same as tellg() but used when we write in a file. flush())Sa e data from the buffer to the output file.

Cinary File I/O 89amples


//!"ample #$ %sing get() and put() #include <iostream> #include <fstream> void main() { fstream %ile(&test7file&,ios))out 3 ios))in 3 ios))binar0)! char ch! ch8+o+! %ile.1ut(ch)! //1ut the content of ch to the file %ile.see54(ios))be4)! //4o to the be4innin4 of the file %ile.4et(ch)! //read one character cout << ch << endl! //dis1la0 it %ile.close()! $

Cinary File I/O 89amples


&&!"ample '$ %sing read() and write() #include <fstream.h> #include <strin4.h> void main() { fstream %ile(&test7file.t(t&,ios))out 3 ios))in 3 ios))binar0)! char arr9':;! strc10(arr,&<ello =orld-&)! //1ut <ello =orld- into the arra0 %ile.,rite(arr,>)! //1ut the first > s0mbols into the file- &<ello& %ile.see54(ios))be4)! //4o to the be4innin4 of the file static char read7arra09'#;! // ,ill 1ut the read data, here %ile.read(read7arra0,:)! //read the first : s0mbols- &<el& cout << read7arra0 << endl! //dis1la0 them %ile.close()! $

7ore Cinary File I/O 89amples


#include <fstream> void main() {
//if ,e have &<ello& in test7file.t(t

ifstream %ile(&test7file.t(t&)! char arr9'#;! %ile.read(arr,'#)!


//this should return >, as <ello is > characters lon4

cout << %ile.tell4() << endl! %ile.close()!

(ummary of Input File+Belated Functions


#include <fstream> ifstream fsIn; fsIn.open(const char[] fname) ? connects stream fsIn to the e(ternal file fname. fsIn.get(char& c) ? e(tracts ne(t character from the in1ut stream fsIn and 1laces it in the character variable c. fsIn.eof() ? tests for the end-of-file condition. fsIn.close() ? disconnects the stream and associated file. fsIn >> c; //@ehaves 2ust li5e cin

(ummary of Output File+Belated Functions


#include <fstream> ofstream fsOut; fsOut.open(const char[] fname) ? connects stream fsOut to the e(ternal file fname. fsOut.put(char c) ? inserts character c to the out1ut stream fsOut. fsOut.eof() ? tests for the end-of-file condition. fsOut.close() ? disconnects the stream and associated file. fsOut << c; //@ehaves 2ust li5e cout

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