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12.4 - Standard Deviation

This document defines and provides examples of key statistical measures of variation including range, interquartile range, standard deviation, z-score, and how to calculate them. Specifically, it explains that standard deviation measures how much values vary from the mean, and describes the steps to calculate it which include finding the differences from the mean and averaging the squared differences. It also provides examples of calculating standard deviation, range, interquartile range, and z-score for sets of data.

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Minhaj Sikander
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207 views12 pages

12.4 - Standard Deviation

This document defines and provides examples of key statistical measures of variation including range, interquartile range, standard deviation, z-score, and how to calculate them. Specifically, it explains that standard deviation measures how much values vary from the mean, and describes the steps to calculate it which include finding the differences from the mean and averaging the squared differences. It also provides examples of calculating standard deviation, range, interquartile range, and z-score for sets of data.

Uploaded by

Minhaj Sikander
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12.

4 Standard Deviation

Measures of Variation

The range of a set of data is the difference between the greatest and least values. The interquartile range is the difference between the third and first quartiles

Example
There are 9 members of the Community Youth Leadership Board. Find the range and interquartile range of their ages: 22, 16, 24, 17, 16, 25, 20, 19, 26. greatest value least value = 26 16 Find the range. Find the median. 22 24 25 26

= 10
median 16 16 17 19 20

Q1 =

(16 + 17) = 16.5 2

Q3 =

(24 + 25) = 24.5 2

Find Q1 and Q3.

Q3 Q1 = 24.5 16.5 Find the interquartile range. =8 The range is 10 years. The interquartile range is 8 years.

More Measures of Variation

Standard deviation is a measure of how each value in a data set varies or deviates from the mean

Steps to Finding Standard Deviation


1. Find the mean of the set of data: x 2. Find the difference between each value and the mean: x x 3. Square the difference: ( x x)2
4. Find the average (mean) of these squares: ( x x ) 2
n

5. Take the square root to find the standard deviation ( x x)2


n

Standard Deviation
Find the mean and the standard deviation for the values 78.2, 90.5, 98.1, 93.7, 94.5. x = (78.2 + 90.5 + 98.1 +93.7 +94.5) = 91
5

Find the mean. Organize the next steps in a table.


( x x) 2 Find the standard n deviation. 234.04 5 6.8

x 78.2 90.5 98.1 93.7 94.5

x 91 91 91 91 91

xx 12.8 0.5 7.1 2.7 3.5

(x x)2 163.84 .25 50.41 7.29 12.25

The mean is 91, and the standard deviation is about 6.8.

Lets Try One No Calculator!


Find the mean and the standard deviation for the values 9, 4, 5, 6

Find the mean. xx (x x)2 Organize the next steps in a table. ( x x) 2 Find the standard n deviation.

Lets Try One No Calculator


Find the mean and the standard deviation for the values 9, 4, 5, 6

x=

(9+4+5+6) 4

= 6 Find the mean. (x x)2 9 4 1 0 14 Organize the next steps in a table.


( x x) 2 Find the standard n deviation.
14 4 56 14 1.87 4 4 4 2

x 9 4 5 6

x 6 6 6 6

xx 3 -2 -1 0 sum

The mean is 6, and the standard deviation is about 1.87.

More Measures of Variation

Z-Score: The Z-Score is the number of standard deviations that a value is from the mean.

Z-Score
A set of values has a mean of 22 and a standard deviation of 3. Find the z-score for a value of 24.
value mean

z-score = standard deviation = =


24 22 3 2 3

Substitute. Simplify.

= 0.6

Z-Score
A set of values has a mean of 34 and a standard deviation of 4. Find the z-score for a value of 26.
value mean

z-score = standard deviation = =


26 34 4 -8 4

Substitute. Simplify.

= -2

Standard Deviation
Use the data to find the mean and standard deviation for daily energy demands on the weekends only.
S 33 39 33 33 M 53 40 47 45 40 T 52 41 49 45 40 W 47 44 54 42 41 Th 47 47 53 43 42 F 50 49 46 39 S 39 43 36 33

Step 1: Use the STAT feature to enter the data as L1. Step 2: Use the CALC menu of STAT to access the 1-Var Stats option. The mean is x. The standard deviation is x.

The mean is about 36.1 MWh; the standard deviation is about 3.6 MWh.

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