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Basics of Lattice Boltzmann Method For Fluid Flows

A very basic presentation on Lattice Boltzmann Method for Fluid Flows. it was a very first presentation regarding my MS thesis

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Sajjad Rasool Chaudhry
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271 views27 pages

Basics of Lattice Boltzmann Method For Fluid Flows

A very basic presentation on Lattice Boltzmann Method for Fluid Flows. it was a very first presentation regarding my MS thesis

Uploaded by

Sajjad Rasool Chaudhry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Numerical Simulation of Turbulent

Flow using Lattice Boltzmann


Method
Supervised By: Ms. Romana Basit

Presented By: Sajjad Rasool Chaudhry
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Outline
Project Objectives
Project Time-Line
Introduction
Common Simulation Tools
Introduction
Lattice Models
Lattice Boltzmann Equation
Boundary Conditions
Lattice Boltzmann Method
Using LBM for Solving Turbulent Flow Problems
Questions & Answers
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Project Objectives



Introduction
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Project Timeline
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Using numerical methods and
algorithms to solve and analyze
problems involving fluid flows
Common Simulation Tools
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Discretization
Multi-Scale Analysis
Common Simulation Tools
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Common Simulation Tools
Discretization Multi-Scale Analysis
Top Down approach
Bottom up approach
Difference
Equations
(Conserved
quantities)
Discrete
Model(LGC
A or LBM)
Partial
Differential
Equations
(NS)

Partial
Differential
Equations
(NS)

Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice Boltzmann Method
Propagation
In lattice gases, particles
live on the nodes of a
discrete lattice. The
particles jump from one
lattice node to the next,
according to their
(discrete) velocity.
Collision
Then, the particles collide
and get a new velocity.
This is the collision phase.
Hence the simulation
proceeds in an alternation
between particle
propagations and
collisions
LGCA
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice gases solve the N.S.
equations of fluid flow. But;
The major disadvantage of
lattice gases for common fluid
dynamics applications is the
occurrence of noise.
The lattice Boltzmann method
solves this problem by pre-
averaging the lattice gas. It
considers
particle distributions that live
on the lattice nodes, rather
than the individual particles.
Lattice Boltzmann Method
From LGCA to LBM
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad

A set of particles arranged in
a pattern. And these particles
represents a certain number
of molecules.

Particles are in motion just as
molecules. And colliding with
one another.

These collisions conserve
mass and momentum.
Lattice Boltzmann Method
LATTICE
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice Boltzmann Method
LATTICE
Arrangements
of the lattice is
represented by
DnQm
Particles are
assumed to
have mass
of 1 unit,
Changes
takes place in
a lattice in 1
time step
(t).
Next state of a
particle can be
calculated by
adding current
states of all the
particles in
neighbor.
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice Boltzmann Method
LATTICE
D1Q2
D2Q7
D2Q9
D3Q15
D3Q19
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad

A Unique class of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
methods for fluid simulation.

Instead of solving the NavierStokes equations, the
Boltzmann equation is solved to simulate the flow of
a Newtonian fluid.

The general form of the lattice Boltzmann equation is

, + =

, +


where the

is the concentration of particles that travels


with velocity ci.

i
is the deviation from the equilibrium state.
Lattice Boltzmann Method
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice Boltzmann Method
D2Q9 Lattice Model
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice Boltzmann Method
D2Q9 Lattice Model
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice Boltzmann Method

, + =

, +

) , ( ) , ( t f t f
eq
i i
x x
Lattice Boltzmann Equation
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice Boltzmann Method
Lattice Boltzmann Equation
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice Boltzmann Method
(relaxation time) value is set by the user.

() 1 +3

2
+
9(
.
)
2
2
4

3
2

2


e
a
is the velocity in a direction. a varies from (0-8)


w
a
=4/9 for a=0 =

=

w
a
= 1/9 for a=1,2,3,4 =
1

=

w
a
=1/36 for a=5,6,7,8
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Lattice Boltzmann Method
Periodic BCs
No-slip BCs
Slip BCs
Velocity and Pressure BCs
Boundary Conditions
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
UNSTEADY and highly IRREGULAR in
space and time
3-DIMENSIONAL (even if the mean flow
is only 2D)
Always ROTATIONAL and at HIGH
REYNOLDS NUMBERS
DISSIPATIVE (energy is converted into
heat due to viscous stresses)
strongly DIFFUSIVE (rapid mixing)
Turbulent Flows
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Turbulent Flows
Additional transverse motion enhances the rate of
energy and momentum exchange results an increase
in the HEAT TRANSFER and the FRICTION coefficient.
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Turbulent Flow Problems

Initially laminar flows were the only interest for research
and study through computational techniques.

Only a small work has been done on turbulent flows in
the past due to its complex and complicated nature.

Complexities arise due to presence of large eddies and
dissipating small structures.

An extensive work has been done in this field of fluid flow
during last two decades.

Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Turbulent Flow Problems


Most widely used Technique is Large-Eddy Simulation
(LES) using Multiple Relaxation Time (MRT) rather than
Single Relaxation Time (SRT).



Another Technique used for the same purpose is Direct
Numerical Simulation (DNS).

Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Turbulent Flow Problems
Direct Numerical Simulation
(DNS)

Although DNS is a well established and accurate
technique but it is very expensive for available
computer capability to simulate practical problems.

Can be used for low Re numbers but for higher Re
numbers encountered in Industrial Applications,
computational resources required by a DNS would
exceed the capacity of the most powerful computers
currently available.
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Turbulent Flow Problems
Large-Eddy Simulation
(LES)

Efficiency and accuracy of LBE method have not been
thoroughly investigated for large eddy simulations (LES)
of turbulence.

Eliminates small scales of solution using low pass
filtering and thus reduces the simulation cost.

Based on splitting fluid effective viscosity
e
into
molecular viscosity
t
and eddy viscosity
o
.
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad
Turbulent Flows
Future Goals

As I am currently working on
basic understanding of LBM and
Turbulent flows, further and
actual work of my project will
be done in upcoming days.
Its is just a beginning.
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad

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