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Drilling Fundamentals

Drilling blastholes involves using large drilling machines that have a mast tower to raise and lower the drill bit. The mast can extend up to 60 feet high to determine the drilling depth. Drill bits are placed on the end of drill steels, which are hollow pipes that allow air to blow cuttings up the hole. Drilling occurs through percussive action using top hammers or down-the-hole hammers, or through rotary action using cones on the drill bit that force it into the rock. Powering the drill can involve diesel engines, hydraulic systems, or electricity, with compressors also used to blow air and cuttings.

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112 views10 pages

Drilling Fundamentals

Drilling blastholes involves using large drilling machines that have a mast tower to raise and lower the drill bit. The mast can extend up to 60 feet high to determine the drilling depth. Drill bits are placed on the end of drill steels, which are hollow pipes that allow air to blow cuttings up the hole. Drilling occurs through percussive action using top hammers or down-the-hole hammers, or through rotary action using cones on the drill bit that force it into the rock. Powering the drill can involve diesel engines, hydraulic systems, or electricity, with compressors also used to blow air and cuttings.

Uploaded by

Zhong Ying
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Drilling Fundamentals

Dr. B. C. Paul 2000


Note The types of drilling machines discussed in these slides reflect the authors
view of what is offered in the product literature of numerous manufacturers and is
common knowledge to the field and can be found in a variety of published sources no
one of which is by intention preferentially cited in these notes.
Drilling Blastholes
Drills are mounted on rubber tires or
crawlers
Have Mast Tower that can be raised to drill,
lowered to propel
Drill moves into position
Raises the Mast
Lowers Jacks and Levels
Adjust the Mast to Drilling Angle
Mast Height and Penetration
Masts Usually About 20 to 60 feet High
Drill Bit is Placed on the Business End
Have Drill Steels Above
Height of the Mast Determines the Length
of the Drill Steel
When Steel is Extended a Carousel with 3
to 5 additional pipes rotates and lines up
another steel
Not So Good Old Days
Old Days with limited drill distance would
drill horizontal holes and lift benches with
blast
Fragmentation Usually Harder to Control
Loading Holes More Challenging
Most Holes Today are Vertical
Drill Penetration Mechanisms
Hammer and Chisel Approach
Sharp pointed bit is driven into rock
Bit Rotates Slightly
Air blows out cuttings
Bit comes down for another hammer
Traditional Approach is Top Hammer - but
now hammering down the drill steel
Alternate Approach is DTH - in past holes
too small - still provide some constraint
Other Mechanisms
Auger Bits - Like Giant Drill Bit - limited to
very soft formations
Rotary Bit
Usually three cones to a bit
Force Teeth into the rock causing spalling
Air Blows Cuttings Out of Hole
Drill Steels are Hollow - air blows down
between the tricones - 10% cools bearings
Dust Management
Air Blows up Hole
Sprayed Water in Past but made gummy and
freeze prone
Now often use dry baghouse collection
This system may not work well with wet cuttings
One Challenges is to avoid wear on bits and
steels
Systems often drop cuttings when drill
moves
The Really Hard Abrasive Stuff
Stick Tungsten Carbide Inserts on Drilling
Tools
Can get button bits
Use Heating and Cooling to Make Rock
Self Destruct
Jet Piercing Techniques
Powering a Drill
Smaller Units have Diesel Engines
Very Large Units have Extension Chords
Often Power Transfer to drill shaft is
hydraulic
Compressor is often second power
consideration
Can give mixed diesel and electric
Can make for auxiliary compressor units
Summary
Drill By Percussive Action
Top Hammer
DTH
Drill By Rotary Action
Drill By Heating and Cooling

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