SSF 3044 SOCIOLOGY OF

DEVELOPMENT

EUROPEAN UNION AND HOW DO THEY COORPERATE IN

MATTER OF TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

NAME

MATRIC NO

DALILA BT MOHAMAD

29963

KHAIRUL AMRI B HARON

30616

MOHAMMAD ZULHILMIL B DERAHMAN

31135

FATIN MIZATUL AKMAL BINTI AHMAD

36043

NOR AMIRAH BINTI MUSTHAPA

31726

NUREDA BT RAMLI

32296

HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

1945-1959 A PEACEFUL EUROPE The beginnings of
coorperation
The European Union is set up with the aim of ending the
frequent and bloody wars between neighbours, which culminated in
the Second World War. As of 1950, the European Coal and Steel
Community begins to unite European countries economically and
politically in order to secure lasting peace. The six founders are
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
The 1950s are dominated by a cold war between east and west.
Protests in Hungary against the Communist regime are put down by
Soviet tanks in 1956; while the following year, 1957, the Soviet Union
takes the lead in the space race, when it launches the first man-made
space satellite, Sputnik 1. Also in 1957, the Treaty of Rome creates
the European Economic Community (EEC), or Common Market.

1960-1969 THE SWINGING SIXTIES A period of economic

growth
The 1960s sees the emergence of 'youth culture,
with groups such as The Beatles attracting huge crowds
of teenage fans wherever they appear, helping to
stimulate a cultural revolution and widening the
generation gap. It is a good period for the economy,
helped by the fact that EU countries stop charging
custom duties when they trade with each other. They
also agree joint control over food production, so that
everybody now has enough to eat - and soon there is
even surplus agricultural produce. May 1968 becomes
famous for student riots in Paris, and many changes in
society and behaviour become associated with the socalled 68 generation.

1970-1979 A GROWING COMMUNITY - The first enlargement

Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom join the
European Union on 1 January 1973, raising the number
of member states to nine. The short, yet brutal, ArabIsraeli war of October 1973 result in an energy crisis and
economic problems in Europe. The last right-wing
dictatorships in Europe come to an end with the
overthrow of the Salazar regime in Portugal in 1974 and
the death of General Franco of Spain in 1975. The EU
regional policy starts to transfer huge sums to create
jobs and infrastructure in poorer areas. The European
Parliament increases its influence in EU affairs and in
1979 all citizens can, for the first time, elect their
members directly.

1980-1989 THE CHANGING FACE OF EUROPE The fall of the

Berlin Wall
The Polish trade union, Solidarno, and its leader Lech
Walesa, become household names across Europe and the
world following the Gdansk shipyard strikes in the summer of
1980. In 1981, Greece becomes the 10th member of the EU
and Spain and Portugal follow five years later. In 1986 the
Single European Act is signed. This is a treaty which provides
the basis for a vast six-year programme aimed at sorting out
the problems with the free-flow of trade across EU borders
and thus creates the Single Market. There is major political
upheaval when, on 9 November 1989, the Berlin Wall is
pulled down and the border between East and West Germany
is opened for the first time in 28 years, this leads to the
reunification of Germany when both East and West Germany
are united in October 1990

 1990-1999 A EUROPE WITHOUT FRONTIERS

With the collapse of communism across central and

eastern Europe, Europeans become closer neighbours. In
1993 the Single Market is completed with the the 'four
freedoms' of: movement of goods, services, people and
money. The 1990s is also the decade of two treaties, the
Maastricht Treaty on European Union in 1993 and the
Treaty of Amsterdam in 1999. People are concerned about
how to protect the environment and also how Europeans
can act together when it comes to security and defence
matters. In 1995 the EU gains three more new members,
Austria, Finland and Sweden. A small village in Luxembourg
gives its name to the Schengen agreements that gradually
allow people to travel without having their passports
checked at the borders. Millions of young people study in
other countries with EU support. Communication is made
easier as more and more people start using mobile phones
and the internet.

 2000-2009 FUTHER EXPANSION

The euro is the new currency for many Europeans.

11 September 2001 becomes synonymous with the
'War on Terror' after hijacked airliners are flown into
buildings in New York and Washington. EU countries
begin to work much more closely together to fight
crime. The political divisions between east and west
Europe are finally declared healed when no fewer than
10 new countries join the EU in 2004, followed by two
more in 2007. A financial crisis hits the global economy
in September 2008, leading to closer economic
cooperation between EU countries. The Treaty of Lisbon
is ratified by all EU countries before entering into force
on 1 December 2009. It provides the EU with modern
institutions and more efficient working methods.

 2010-2014 A DECADE OF OPPORTUNITIES AND

CHALLENGES
The new decade starts with a severe economic
crisis, but also with the hope that investments in new
green and climate-friendly technologies and closer
European cooperation will bring lasting growth and
welfare.

EU MEMBERS COUNTRIES
( 1 July 2013 )
Austria

Italy

Belgium

Latvia

Bulgaria

Lithuania

Croatia

Luxembourg

Cyprus

Malta

Czech Republic

Netherland

Denmark

Poland

Estonia

Portugal

Finland

Romania

France

Slovakia

Germany

Slovenia

Greece

Spain

Hungary

Sweden

Ireland

United Kingdom

EUROPEAN UNION COORPERATE IN

MATTER OF TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
Trade is an engine for global growth. It contributes to long-term jobs
in the EU and around the world. It has a real impact on the day to
day lives of people and businesses in Europe, and offers a path to
development to those in most need, wherever they live.
Public opinion recognises the value of trade and open markets to deliver
lower prices and greater consumer choice. While people feel Europe is well
placed today, they worry about whether Europe can compete tomorrow
alongside the fastest growing economies.
The European Union is the biggest global player in international
trade and investment. The challenge in a changing world is for us to
maintain and improve our position and to trade the way out of the
current economic crisis.

 Thirty-six million jobs in Europe depend today, directly or

indirectly, on trade. They need to put trade policy to work for
jobs. With the right policies in place they can fuel growth in
Europe. By completing the trade deals on the table and
engaging more closely with their strategic partners, trade policy
can increase the size of our economy by around 150 billion.
This would make a major contribution to the Unions wider
agenda for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
They deliver the multilateral and bilateral trade deals already
underway or on the starting block. They have to find new ways
of working with other key trading partners where many of the
challenges are all about regulation and rules rather than
traditional tariffs. They also need to ensure that everyone plays
by the rules

THE TRIPLE BENEFITS FROM THE TRADE

OPENING
Ecomonic growth
Finalizing all the ongoing negotiations (Doha Round and
bilateral agreements) and making significant further progress in
our relations with strategic partners would lead, by 2020, to a
level of EU GDP more than 1% higher than it would otherwise be.

Consumer benefits
The gains from a wider variety of goods and services for
the average European consumer are in the range of 600 a year,
in addition to the gains from lower prices.

 Labour effects
It is generally agreed that the EUs integration in the global
economy through increased trade generates more and better
paid jobs. More than 36 million jobs in Europe depend, directly or
indirectly, on our ability to trade with the rest of the world. More
than 4.6 million people in the EU work for Japan and US-majority
owned companies alone.

Source: European Commission

estimates.

How the Eu works

The EU is a unique economic and political partnership between 28
European countries that together cover much of the continent.
The EU was created in the aftermath of the Second World War. The
first steps were to foster economic cooperation: the idea being that
countries who trade with one another become economically
interdependent and so more likely to avoid conflict. The result was
the European Economic Community (EEC), created in 1958, and
initially increasing economic cooperation between six countries:
Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
Since then, a huge single market has been created and continues to
develop towards its full potential.

From economic to political union

What began as a purely economic union has evolved into an
organisation spanning policy areas, from development aid to
environment. A name change from the EEC to the European
Union (EU) in 1993 reflected this.
The EU is based on the rule of law: everything that it does is
founded on treaties, voluntarily and democratically agreed by all
member countries. These binding agreements set out the EU's
goals in its many areas of activity.

Mobility, growth, stability and a single

currency
The EU has delivered half a century of peace, stability and
prosperity, helped raise living standards, and launched a single
European currency, the euro.
Thanks to the abolition of border controls between EU countries,
people can travel freely throughout most of the continent. And it's
become much easier to live and work abroad in Europe.
The single or 'internal' market is the EU's main economic engine,
enabling most goods, services, money and people to move freely.
Another key objective is to develop this huge resource to ensure that
Europeans can draw the maximum benefit from it.

Human right and Equality

One of the EUs main goals is to promote human rights both
internally and around the world. Human dignity, freedom,
democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human
rights: these are the core values of the EU. Since the 2009
signing of the Treaty of Lisbon , the EU's Charter of
Fundamental Rights brings all these rights together in a single
document. The EU's institutions are legally bound to uphold
them, as are EU governments whenever they apply EU law.

Transparents and Democratic Institution

As it continues to grow, the EU remains focused on making its
governing institutions more transparent and democratic. More
powers are being given to the directly elected European
Parliament, while national parliaments are being given a greater
role, working alongside the European institutions. In turn,
European citizens have an ever-increasing number of channels
for taking part in the political process

 Investing in our common future

In 2013, EU development aid aid from EU funds and EU
countries' national budgets combined - totalled 56.2 billion. That
amounts to 0.43 % of EU gross national income (GNI). EU countries
have committed themselves to reaching the target of 0.7% of GNI by
2015
Eradicating poverty in the new millennium
EU development policy aims above all to eradicate poverty,
using a sustainable approach. Key to this are the UN's 8 Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), adopted in 2000 with a 2015 deadline.
They range from halving extreme poverty and halting the spread of
HIV/AIDS to providing universal primary education.

 After 2015
The current set of MDGs will expire and be replaced by a
new framework in 2015. In June 2014, the European
Commission issued a policy paper called "A Decent Life for All:
From Vision to Collective Action". This sets out the EU's post2015 agenda for eradicating poverty and promoting sustainable
development, including the need for a new global partnership.
Helping countries & people pull themselves out of poverty
Over the years, the EU has supported many countries in
their efforts to eradicate poverty and create a better future for
their people. This is often a long-term process.

Example
Bolivia
Better hygiene and basic health through improved infrastructure
This EU project was set up to improve the water supply to the
Bolivian cities of Potos and Tarija and upgrade sanitation. It has
resulted in 39 water supply systems and 11 sewerage systems,
including 8 waste water treatment plants.
Water meters have been installed in 60,000 homes, while
another 31,000 are now connected to sewerage systems. A total
of 76,000 people have benefited directly from better access to
drinking water and sanitation.

Trade
A global systems
World trade is founded on rules laid out by the World Trade
Organisation that help ensure that trade agreements and
obligations between countries are open and fair.
EU trade policy is made exclusively at EU level. The
Commission negotiates agreements on behalf of the EU within
WTO rules and works closely with national governments and the
European Parliament to maintain the global system and enable it
to adapt to worldwide changes.

 Trading as a world leader

The EU is the world's biggest exporter of manufactured
goods and services, and it is the biggest import market for over
100 countries.
It is also the world's largest single market area. Both
European and international consumers and investors enjoy the
many benefits of a simplified system in an area where people,
goods, services and money can move freely.

 Building a fair and open playing field

The EU negotiates agreements through its world-wide network
of trade relations. It engages with a huge range of partners, mostly
through free trade agreements.
These partnerships seek to create growth and jobs for
Europeans by opening new markets with the rest of the world.
Transatlantic markets, for example, represent transactions worth
around 2 billion euros every day.
EU trade policy also aims to reduce child and forced labour,
environmental destruction and price volatility. Schemes which ensure
transparency and traceability in supply chains are one example.
For the world's poorest countries, EU trade policy looks to
combine trade and development. Allowing lower duties, supporting
small export businesses, and advising on improvements to
governance are just some of the ways trade and development can
work hand in hand to ensure the neediest benefit from trade-led
growth.