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Ap

This document provides information about arithmetic progressions (APs), including their definition, general form, and methods for finding the nth term and determining if a series is an AP. An AP is a sequence where each subsequent term is obtained by adding a fixed number (the common difference) to the previous term. The general form is given as an = a + (n-1)d, where a is the first term and d is the common difference. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to identify if a series is an AP by checking if the differences between terms are equal. Methods for finding the nth term and solving problems related to APs are also described.

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Shobhit Varshney
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110 views20 pages

Ap

This document provides information about arithmetic progressions (APs), including their definition, general form, and methods for finding the nth term and determining if a series is an AP. An AP is a sequence where each subsequent term is obtained by adding a fixed number (the common difference) to the previous term. The general form is given as an = a + (n-1)d, where a is the first term and d is the common difference. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to identify if a series is an AP by checking if the differences between terms are equal. Methods for finding the nth term and solving problems related to APs are also described.

Uploaded by

Shobhit Varshney
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Class : X

Presented by : Munish Sharma


TGT-Maths

An Arithmatic Progression is a list of


numbers in which each term is obtained
by adding a fixed number to the
preceding term except first term.
For example : 5, 10, 15, 20, 25..
In this each term is obtained by adding 5
to the preceding term except first term

The general form of an Arithmatic Progression is


a , a +d , a + 2d , a + 3d , a + (n-1)d
Where a is first term and
d is called common difference.
nth Term of an A.P. is denoted by An
An = a + (n-1)d

To find the nth Term of an A.P.


Let us consider an A.P. with first term a and
common difference d ,then
The first term = a1 =a +0 d = a + (1-1)d
The second term = a2 = a + d = a + (2-1)d
The third term = a3 = a + 2d = a + (3-1)d
The fourth term = a4 =a + 3d = a + (4-1)d
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The nth term = an = a + (n-1)d

To check that a given term is in A.P. or


not.
(i) 2, 6, 10, 14.

(i) Here first term a = 2,


find differences in the next terms
a2-a1 = 6 2 = 4
a3-a2 = 10 6 = 4
a4-a3 = 14 10 = 4
Since the differences are common.
Hence the given terms are in A.P.

Which of the following are in A.P. ?


If they are in A.P. find their first
term and common difference
(i) 1, 3, 9, 27..
(ii) a, 2a, 3a, 4a
(iii) -6, -2, 2, 6.
(iv) 12, 22, 32, 42

Problem : Find the value of k for which the given series


is in A.P.
4, k 1 , 12
Solution :

Given A.P. is

4, k 1 , 12

If series is A.P. then the differences will


be common
d1 = d1
a2 a1 = a3 a2
k 1 4 = 12 (k 1)
k 5 = 12 k + 1
k + k = 12 + 1 + 5
2 k = 18

or

k=9

Problem 1. Find 10th term of A.P.

12, 18, 24, 30..

Solution. Given A.P. is 12, 18, 24, 30..


First term is

a = 12

Common difference is d = 18- 12 = 6


nth term is

an = a + (n-1)d

Put n = 10,

a10 = 12 + (10-1)6
= 12 + 9 x 6
= 12 + 54
a10 = 66

Problem 2. Find number of terms of A.P.


100, 105, 110, 115,,500
Solution. Given A.P. is 100, 105, 110, 115,500
First term is

a = 100 , an = 500

Common difference is d = 105 -100 = 5


nth term is an = a + (n-1)d
500 = 100 + (n-1)5
500 - 100 = 5(n 1)
400 = 5(n 1)
5(n 1) = 400

Problem 3. Find the number of all three digit


numbers divisible by 8
Solution. Smallest three digit number divisible by 8 is 104
&

Largest three digit number divisible


by 8 is 992

Therefore numbers obtained are


104, 112,120, 128, 992
Which are in A.P.
Now solve using A.P. and find how many are
they ?

5(n 1) = 400
n 1 = 400/5
n - 1 = 80
n = 80 + 1
n = 81
Hence the no. of terms are 81.

Let us solve some problems based on


Arithmatic Progression
1. Find 50th term of A.P.

5, 10, 15, 20

2. Find first three terms of an A.P. whose


3rd term is 10 and 6th term is 19.
3. Find number of terms of an A.P. 3, 6, 9,
..99.

Sum of n terms of an
Arithmetic Progression
Its formula is

Sn = n [ 2a + (n - 1)d ]
It can also be written as

Sn = n [ a + an ]

The sum to n terms of an arithmetic progression

Sn = n [ 2a + (n - 1)d ]

You may need to be able to prove this formula. It is


derived as follows:
The sum to n terms is given by:
Sn = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + + (a + (n 1)d) (1)
If we write this out backwards, we get:
Sn = (a + (n 1)d) + (a + (n 2)d) + + a (2)

Now lets add (1) and (2):


2Sn = [2a + (n 1)d] + [2a + (n 1)d] +
.. + [2a + (n 1)d]
So Sn = n [2a + (n 1)d]

Problem 1. Find the sum of 30 terms of given A.P.


12 + 20 + 28 + 36
Solution : Given A.P. is 12 , 20, 28 , 36
Its first term is a = 12
Common difference is d = 20 12 = 8

The sum to n terms of an arithmetic progression


Sn = n [ 2a + (n - 1)d ]
= x 30 [ 2x 12 + (30-1)x 8]
= 15 [ 24 + 29 x8]
= 15[24 + 232]
= 15 x 246

Problem 2. Find the sum given A.P.


2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + + 200
Solution : Given A.P. is 2 , 4, 6 , 8 .200
Its first term is a = 2
Common difference is d = 4 2 = 2
nth term is

an = a + (n-1)d
200 = 2 + (n-1)2

200 - 2 = 2(n 1)
198 = 2(n 1)
2(n 1) = 198

2(n 1) = 198
n 1 = 198/2
n 1 = 99
n = 99 + 1
n = 100

The sum to n terms of an arithmetic progression


Sn = n [ 2a + (n - 1)d ]
S100 = x 100 [ 2x 2 + (100-1)x 2]
= 50 [ 4 + 198]
= 50[202]
= 10100

Let us solve some problems based on sum


of terms of Arithmatic Progression
1. Find sum of 40 term of A.P. 5, 10, 15, 20
2. Find sum of 100 term of A.P. -70, -67, -64
3. Find the sum of series 10 + 20 + 30 +
+ 1000
4. Find the sum of series -5 + (-15)+(-25+
+ (-525)

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