shuttle value

A shuttle valve allows two alternate flow sources to be

connected in a one-branch circuit. The valve has two inlets
P1 and P2 and one outlet A. Outlet A receives flow from an
inlet that is at a higher pressure. If the pressure at P1 is
greater than that at P2, the ball slides to the right and
allows P1 to send flow to outlet A. If the pressure at P2 is
greater than that at P1, the ball slides to the left and P2
supplies flow to outlet A
One application for a shuttle valve is to have a primary
pump inlet P1 and a secondary pump inlet P2 connected
to the system outlet A The secondary pump acts as a
backup, supplying flow to the system if the primary pump
loses pressure. A shuttle valve is called an OR valve
because receiving a pressure input signal from either P1 or
P2 causes a pressure output signal to be sent to A.

Pressure relief Valve

It is normally a closed valve whose function is to limit the pressure to
a specified maximum value by diverting pump flow back to the tank.
A poppet is held seated inside the valve by a heavy spring. When the
system pressure reaches a high enough value, the poppet is forced
off its seat.
This permits flow through the outlet to the tank as long as this high
pressure level is maintained.
Note:the external adjusting screw, which varies spring force and,
thus, the pressure at which the valve begins to open (cracking
pressure).
If the hydraulic system does not accept any flow, then all the pump
flow must return to the tank via the relief valve. The pressure-relief
valve provides protection against any overloads experienced by the
actuators in the hydraulic system. Of course, a relief valve is not
needed if a pressure-compensated vane pump is used

Pressure relief valve

The dashed pilot line from the

inlet line to the bottom of the
box indicates inlet pressure can
push against the flow arrow.

Compound pressure relief value(pilot

operated relief value)

A pilot-operated pressure-relief valve consists of a small pilot relief valve and

main relief valve as It operates in a two-stage process:
1. The pilot relief valve opens when a preset maximum pressure is
reached.
2. When the pilot relief valve opens, it makes the main relief valve open.
The pilot-operated pressure-relief valve has a pressure port that is connected to
the pump line and the tank port is connected to the tank. The pilot relief valve
is a poppet type. The main relief valve consists of a piston and a stem. The
main relief piston has an orifice drilled through it. The piston has equal areas
exposed to pressure on top and bottom and is in a balanced condition due to
equal force acting on both the sides. It remains stationary in the closed
position. The piston has a light bias spring to ensure that it stays closed. When
the pressure is less than that of relief valve setting, the pump flow goes to the
system. If the pressure in the system becomes high enough, it moves the pilot
poppet off its seat. A small amount of flow begins to go through the pilot line
back to the tank. Once flow begins through the piston orifice and pilot line, a
pressure drop is induced across the piston due to the restriction of the piston
orifice. This pressure drop then causes the piston and stem to lift off their seats
and the flow goes directly from the pressure port to the tank.
The advantages of pilot-operated pressure-relief valves over direct-acting
pressure-relief valves are as follows:
1. Pilot-operated pressure-relief valves are usually smaller than
direct-acting pressure-relief valves for the same flow and pressure
settings.
2. They have a wider range for the maximum pressure settings than

PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE

Pressure reducing valve

Pressure reducing value

This type of valve (which is normally open) is used to maintain
reduced pressures in specified locations of hydraulic systems. It is
actuated by downstream pressure and tends to close as this pressure
reaches the valve setting
A pressure-reducing valve uses a spring-loaded spool to control the
downstream pressure. If the downstream pressure is below the valve
setting, the fluid flows freely from the inlet to the outlet. Note that
there is an internal passageway from the outlet which transmits outlet
pressure to the spool end opposite the spring.
When the outlet (downstream) pressure increases to the valve setting,
the spool moves to the right to partially block the outlet port. Just
enough flow is passed to the outlet to maintain its preset pressure
level. If the valve closes completely, leakage past the spool causes
downstream pressure to build up above the valve setting. This is
prevented from occurring because a continuous bleed to the tank is
permitted via a separate drain line to the tank

UNLOADING VALVE

 In a unloading valve; the unloading spool receives a signal through

the remote-pilot port when pressure in the working circuit goes above
its setting.
At the same time, pressure on the spring-loaded ball in the pilot
section starts to open it.
pilot pressure from the high-pressure circuit forces the spring-loaded
ball completely off its seat. Now there is more flow going to the tank
than what the control orifice can keep up with. The main poppet opens
at approximately 20 psi. Now, all high-volume pump flow can go to the
tank at little or no pressure drop and all horsepower can go to the lowvolume pump to do the work.
An unloading valve unloads the pump when the desired pressure is
reached. It allows rapid discharge of pressurized oil near atmospheric
pressure. As soon as the system pressure reaches the setting pressure
that is available at the pilot port, it lifts the spool against the spring
force.When the spool is held by the pilot pressure, the delivery from
the pump goes to the tank.
An unloading valve is used to perform operations such as stamping,
coining, punching, piercing

APPLLICATION OF UNOLOADING VAVLE

Counter balance and sequencing

valve
Refer pdf file for counter balance and
sequencing valve

Sequence valve

Flow control value

Refer pdf for non-pressure and
pressure compensated flow control
value

CHECK VALVE
The simplest DCV is a check valve. A check valve allows
flow in one direction, but blocks the flow in the opposite
direction. It is a two-way valve because it contains two ports.

BALL TYPE CHECK VALVE

 A light spring holds the ball against the

valve seat. Flow coming into the inlet
pushes the ball off the seat against the
light force of the spring and continues to
the outlet. A very low pressure is required
to hold the valve open in this direction. If
the flow tries to enter from the opposite
direction, the pressure pushes the ball
against the seat and the flow cannot pass
through

Pilot operated check value

 A pilot-operated valve along with its symbol is shown This

type of check valve always permits free flow in one direction
but permits flow in the normally blocked opposite direction
only if the pilot pressure is applied at the pilot pressure point
of the valve. The check valve poppet has the pilot piston
attached to the threaded poppet stem by a nut.
The light spring holds the poppet seated in a no-flow
condition by pushing against the pilot piston. The purpose of
the separate drain port is to prevent oil from creating a
pressure build-up at the bottom of the piston.
The dashed line in the graphical symbol represents the pilot
pressure line connected to the pilot pressure port of the
valve. Pilot check valves are used for locking hydraulic
cylinders in position