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Biofilter For Odour Control

This document discusses the use of biofilters for odor control by removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from waste streams. It begins by introducing H2S as a toxic and odorous gas produced from various industrial processes. Biofilters are presented as an effective odor removal method using microorganisms at low cost and maintenance. The document then reviews several papers on biofilter performance and design parameters for H2S removal. It outlines the objectives, methodology, mechanisms, design considerations like media selection, moisture and temperature control, and maintenance requirements for an optimized biofilter system to treat H2S-containing gases.

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219 views29 pages

Biofilter For Odour Control

This document discusses the use of biofilters for odor control by removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from waste streams. It begins by introducing H2S as a toxic and odorous gas produced from various industrial processes. Biofilters are presented as an effective odor removal method using microorganisms at low cost and maintenance. The document then reviews several papers on biofilter performance and design parameters for H2S removal. It outlines the objectives, methodology, mechanisms, design considerations like media selection, moisture and temperature control, and maintenance requirements for an optimized biofilter system to treat H2S-containing gases.

Uploaded by

jinshad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

BIOFILTER FOR

ODOUR CONTROL

INTRODUCTION
H2S is highly toxic, odorous and poisonous
It is produced from
Petroleum refining
Waste water treatment
Paper and pupl manufacturing
Food processing

H2S removal is crucial in every odour

abatement.
Several chemical and physical process are

used for removal. They are less effective and


more expensive

Why Biofilter ?????


It uses microorganisms to remove undesirable
components.
Low operation cost.
Low maintenance requirement.
Low energy requirement.
No secondary pollution.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Performance of Biofilter for the Removal of Hydrogen

Sulphide Odour; Rehman, Z. U , Farooqi I. H and Ayub S


In this paper laboratory scale experiments were performed to evaluate the
feasibility of biofilters for the removal of H 2S from wastewater treatment plant
waste air. Compost was used as media in biofilter. Carried out in six different
phases, by increasing H2S concentrations gradually. It was concluded that the
biofilter, used in the study, was more efficient for low contaminant
concentrations .

Biofiltration: An Innovative Air Pollution Control

Technology For VOC Emissions; Gero Leson and Arthur


M. Winer
This paper views the history and current status of
biofiltration, outlines its underlying scientific and
engineering

principles,

and

discusses

the

applicability of biofilters for a wide range of specific


emission sources .
6

Microbial biofiltration technology for odour abatement;

Sonil Nanda, Prakash Kumar Sarangi and Jayanthi Abraham

This report describes the generation of odorants from different


sources and their possible degradation by suitable microbial
cultures. In addition, comparisons among physiochemical and
biological methods for odour abatement have been discussed.
Nevertheless, the type of biofilter, its packing material and other
reaction conditions for an effective biofiltration have also been
considered.
7

OBJECTIVE
To design a biofilter and determine

operational parameters necessary to


optimize the performance
Also to study the effect of operational

parameters on H2 S removal efficiency.


8

METHODOLOGY

Schematic representation of an open singlebed biofilter system


9

A typical biofilter configuration


Water sprinkler system to apply moisture directly to

the filter media surface.


The typical depth of biofilter media is 1 m
Many different media types include soil, compost,

sand, shredded bark, peat, heather, volcanic ash, and


a mixture of these components .

10

The growth and activities of the microorganisms is

dependent on
absence of toxic materials
ample inorganic nutrients
optimum moisture conditions,
appropriate temperatures
neutral pH range.

11

MECHANISM
As odorous gas passes through biofilter 2
processes occur simultaneously.
Sorption ( Adsorption & Absorption)
Bio conversion

Organic Pollutant + O2 > CO2 + H2O


+ Biomass
12

DESIGN PARAMETERS

The depending factors in the biofilter design are :

Volumetric flow rate of air to be treated.


Specific air contaminants and their concentration.
Media characteristics
Biofilter size
Moisture control
Maintainence
Cost
13

AIR FLOW RATE


Literature values for biofilter airflows

range from 0.005 to 0.0025m/s and are


typically 0.015 to 0.02 m/s

14

MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS
Critical properties of media material
include:
Porosity
Moisture holding capacity
Nutrient content
Slow decomposition
15

MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS
Organic mixture for odour removal
biofilters ranges from approximately
30:70 to 50:50 ratio by weight of compost
to wood chips
16

BIOFILTER SIZE
The depth of filter med is kept as 1 meter.
Excessive depth results in excessive
pressure drop
lesser depth will dry out

17

EMPTY BED RESIDENCE TIME


( EBRT)
Time that the air is in contact with biofilter

media.
Taken as 7-23 seconds .
Beyond 23 seconds there is no apparent effect.
EBCT= Volume of media/Airflow rate.
The actual contact time is usually less than
EBRT
18

MOISTURE CONTENT
Inadequate moisture
Allow the media to dry out
Deactivate the microbes
Create cracks and channelling of air
Results in reduction of filter efficiency.

19

MOISTURE CONTENT
Too much moisture cause
Channelling
Limit oxygen flow
Thus create anaerobic zones in the biofilm.

20

MOISTURE CONTENT
Recommended

moisture content for


biofilters range from 40-65% wet basis.

Optimal moisture content is 50-65%.


Moisture content (%) = (mass of water)/

(mass of water + mass of dry packing) x 100


21

TEMPERATURE
Microorganisms tolerate a temperature

range of 70-90F

22

CONTROL OF pH
The pH in compost filters is typically

between7 and 8.
In some cases the biodegradation of air
pollutants can generate acidic by-products
Reduces filters removal efficiency
Hence add buffers like lime.
23

MAINTAINENCE
Different areas that require maintenance are
Moisture content
Weeds
Rodents
Assessment of pressure drop

24

COSTS
Cost for installation of fans, media

ductwork ,plenum and labour to construct.


Maintenance cost
Operation cost

25

DESIGN STEPS

For given airflow rate and EBRT


Media Volume (Vm ) = [Air flow rate
(Q) x EBRT ] / 60
If area is not limited select a suitable depth
Dm
Unit Air flow rate = Q / Am
26

DESIGN STEPS
Unit Pressure Drop

(UPD) = 8.82 x ( % of Voids ) x


Unit air flow rate
Total Pressure Drop = UPD x Dm
Expected Total pressure drop and Air flow
rate can be used to select exhaust fan.
27

REFERENCES
1. Performance of Biofilter for the Removal of Hydrogen
Sulphide Odour; Rehman, Z. U , Farooqi I. H and Ayub
S, Int. J. En viron. Res., 3(4):537-544, Autumn 2009
ISSN: 1735-6865
2. Microbial biofiltration technology for odour abatement;
Sonil Nanda, Prakash Kumar Sarangi and Jayanthi
Abraham, Journal of Soil Science and Environmental
Management Vol. 3(2), pp. 28-35, February 2012
28

3. Biofiltration: An Innovative Air Pollution Control


Technology For VOC Emissions; Gero Leson
and Arthur M. Winer, Journal of the Air and
Waste Management Association, Vol 41 no 8,
August 1991.
4. Biofiltration : An Emerging Technology;
Carlos.R.Soccel , Indian Journal of
Biotechnology ,Vol 2, July 2003,pp 396-410

29

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