Scribd
Upload
494 views20 pages

Fire Safety in Buildings and Codal Provisions

This document discusses fire safety provisions required in buildings according to Indian codes. It outlines requirements for exits, staircases, lifts, water tanks, fire alarms and sprinkler systems. Key requirements include a minimum of two exits, fire resistant staircases, fire lifts, refuge areas above 24m, wet riser systems, underground/terrace water tanks, manual or automatic fire alarms, and sprinklers in basements and high risk areas. Regular fire drills are also mandated to test emergency response plans.

Uploaded by

Koushali Banerjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
494 views20 pages

Fire Safety in Buildings and Codal Provisions

This document discusses fire safety provisions required in buildings according to Indian codes. It outlines requirements for exits, staircases, lifts, water tanks, fire alarms and sprinkler systems. Key requirements include a minimum of two exits, fire resistant staircases, fire lifts, refuge areas above 24m, wet riser systems, underground/terrace water tanks, manual or automatic fire alarms, and sprinklers in basements and high risk areas. Regular fire drills are also mandated to test emergency response plans.

Uploaded by

Koushali Banerjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

FIRE SAFETY IN

BUILDINGS AND
CODAL PROVISIONS
Koushali Banerjee (Barch/10001/14)
Aparna Bagaria (Barch/10012/14)
Prakalp Tandon (Barch/10038/14)

INTRODUCTION

Fire safety is the set of practices


intended to reduce the destruction
caused by fire. Fire safety
measures include those that are
intended to prevent ignition of an
uncontrolled fire, and those that
are used to limit the development
and effects of a fire after it starts.
Fire safety measures include those
that are planned during the
construction of a building or
implemented in structures that are
already standing, and those that
are taught to occupants of the
building.

FIRE
PROTECTION
:Every
building for residential uses of
fifteen and a half metres and
above in height, and buildings of
other uses and buildings with
basement shall be provided with
adequate means of exit and all
arrangement for protection in
case of fire.

ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS

Exits shall be so located that the travel distance shall not exceed -

22.5 m., in the case of a residential building or an educational building or an


institutional building.

30 m., in the case of an assembly building or a business building or a mercantile


building or an industrial building or a storage building.

For floors with sprinklers which are not part of the requirements for that floor
and occupancy, the travel distance in sub-rule (1) may be increased by 50 per
cent

The travel distance to an exit from the dead end of a corridor shall not exceed
half the distance specified in sub-rule (1), except in an educational building or an
assembly building or an institutional building in which case it shall not exceed 6
m.

Whenever more than one exit is required for any room space or floor of a non
residential building, exits shall be placed as remote from each other as possible
and shall be arranged to provide direct access in separate directions from any
point in the area served.

WIDTH OF ROAD

The road which surrounds a High rise


building to be constructed shall be more
than 12 meter width. The road should
be hard surfaced to carry a minimum
weight of 18,000 Kgs, the maximum
weight of a Fire Engine.

ENTRANCE WIDTH & HEIGHT


CLEARANCE

Every High rise building should have at least 2


means of access, one remote to the other, of
minimum width 4.5m. with height clearance of
5m. This minimum width is essential to
facilitate free movement of fire units.

SETBACK OR OPEN SPACES

Sufficient open space


(setbacks) around
residential buildings,
as indicated in the
figure is essential to
facilitate free
movement and
operation of Fire
Service vehicles.

STAIRCASE
S

Every high rise building have minimum 2


number of Staircases.
Width of staircases varies from 1 m. to 2 m.
For residential building width of staircases
should be 1 mtr.
Out of 2 staircases, 1 can be used as a fire
escape staircase.
Width of fire escape should be minimum 0.75
meter.
Number of staircases shall be given as per the
travel distances.

STAIRCASES

Staircase shall not be extended to basement to


prevent smoke , heat & gases. From the basement
smoke, heat & gases can travel to upper floors.
Access to the basement from the ground should be
through a separate staircase, which is not
connected to main staircase(i.e. It should be
remote to each other.)
Staircase shall be of enclosed type to prevent
entry of smoke & fire to the staircase & vice versa.
Spiral staircase shall be provided up to 9 mtr.
Height.
External staircase may or may not be provided.

LIFTS

Minimum 1 lift capable of carrying minimum 8


persons weighing 545 kgs. Shall be provided for
every high rise building.
Landing doors of lifts shall open to ventilated lobby
& shall have a fire resistance of 1 hour.
1 lift shall be designed as a Fire Lift
Fireman Switch shall be provided for each lift.
Lifts shall not be used as means of evacuation.
Collapsible gates shall not be provided for the lift.
If more than 1 lifts are installed the partition wall
should be of minimum 2 hours fire resistance.

THE REFUGE
AREA

An area of refuge is a location in a


building designed to hold occupants
during a fire or other emergency, when
evacuation may not be safe or possible.
Occupants can wait there until rescued
or relieved by firefighters.
For floors above 24m one refuge area
on the floor immediately is provided
above 24m. One refuge area on the
floor immediately above 39m & so on
after 15m refuge area shall be
provided.

BUILT IN FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM


WET RISER AND DOWN COMMER SYSTEM

WET RISER : It is a vertical pipeline(dia. depends on the floor area of


the building)connected to a bottom tank(underground water tank).
DOWN COMMER : It is a vertical pipeline(dia.depends on the floor
area of the building)connected to a overhead tank.
DRY RISER : It is a vertical pipe which is always kept dry to avoid
the freezing of water.
HYDRANT : It is a horizontal pipe line with outlet of 63 mm. dia.
connected to underground water tank.

WATER TANK

They are of two types :


Under Ground Water Storage tank
Terrace Level Tank

CAPACITY
Underground water storage tank varies from 50,000 ltrs. to 250,000
ltrs depending on the type & occupancy of the buildings.
The capacity of terrace level water storage tank varies from 10,000
ltrs. to 20,000 ltrs depending on the type & occupancy of the building.
In addition to this if automatic sprinkler, drenchers are provided for
special risk then this will be additional quantity of water.

FIRE ALARM
SYSTEM

They are of two types :

Manually Operated Electrical Fire Alarm System


(M.O.E.F.A)

Automatic Fire Alarm System (A.F.A)

Depending on the occupancy, M.O.E.F.A. system or


automatic operated system shall be provided in the
building.

Every building more than 15m in height shall be


provided with either of the two I.e. M.O.E.F.A & A.F.A.

Residential & office buildings between 15m &


24m in height may be exempted from installation of
automatic fire alarm system if local fire brigade is
well equipped to face the emergency up to 24m.

One has to manually operate the glass in M.O.E.F.A.S.


It requires a special person or separate person to
operate.

FIRE DETECTION

Different types of detectors are provided as


per the risk involved in the area.
Zones are made as per the risk or as per the
floor.
Two-way communication system to be
provided which will help to contact from
ground floor to specific floor or vice-versa.
Manual call points, automatic detector &
public address system shall be interlinked.

SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Sprinkler system is a must for basement


parking & other risk areas where large
quantities of combustible materials are stored.
Each sprinkler should cover 6.96m2 area.
Normally a separate sprinkler should be
provided for a separate car.
Sprinklers may connect to main water tank &
pump, but capacity of the tank & pump shall
be increased in that proportionate.
The capacity of water tank shall be calculated
on the basis of sprinklers.

ESCAPE ROUTE

A fire escape is a special kind of emergency


exit, usually mounted to the outside of a
building or occasionally inside but separate
from the main areas of the building. It
provides a method of escape in the event of a
fire or other emergency that makes the
stairwells inside a building inaccessible.
The escape route should be marked with a
sign board on the corridor & passage to guide
evacuation. Normally, the escape route sign
board must be written in luminous paint for
easy identification. This is to guide every
occupant of the building who is bound to
panic in the event of accident.

SIGNAGE

Fire escape signs are provided to guide


you from wherever you are in a building,
via a place of relative safety (the escape
route) to the place of ultimate safety (the
assembly area).
LOCATION : Fire escape signs are not
needed on the main route into or out of a
building (the one used by people for
normal arrival and exit), but alternative
escape routes and complicated escape
routes do need to be signed.
Fire escape signs are green and white safe condition. They must comprise a
pictogram, an arrow, and possibly words.

FIRE DRILLS & FIRE


ORDERS

Fire Safety Plan: It`s very important to have


a fire safety plan to prevent & extinguish
any fire in the building with details action to
be taken by each occupant. Telephone nos.
of all emergence services much be
indicated in the plan.
Drills provide virtually the only means,
short of an actual incident, of measuring
the state of readiness and of testing the
effectiveness of an emergency response
plan
For High rise buildings above 60 m in height
provision for Helipad should be made.

REFERENCES

Handbook on Building Fire Codes by G.B. Menon


KMC Building Rules

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy