PROJECT BY:-

MR. XYZ

(PSYCHOLOGY)

CRISIS
DEFINITION:According to JAMES And GILLILAND, the term
CRISIS refers to primarily to a persons
feelings of fear, shock, and distress about
the disruption, not to the disruption itself.

THE PURPOSE OF CRISIS

INTERVENTION

psychological resolution of the individuals immediate

crisis and restoration to at least the level of
functioning that existed before the occurrence of crisis
period.
The individual must either solve the problem or adapt
to non-solution.
Example:In the case of loss of the job, then finding another job
is a solution.
If there is a death of someone important to oneself
then the only alternative available is acceptance of the
death and adaptation of the life without that person.
Crisis intervention is oriented in the present and the
focus is the immediate problem, not the totality of
clients personality or life issues or the history.

STRESSFUL EVENTS THAT MAY

PRECIPITATE CRISIS

The best way of identifying the triggering events for crisis

is to remember that crisis occurs when the client believes
important life goals are blocked, and it is commonly
stated that essentially all life goals relate to the love and
work motives of human experience.
Any event that jeopardizes success in either love or work
arenas or both has the potential to initiate crisis
responses.
Money and Mortality, though not entirely independent of
the love and work motives, are sometimes become a
cause of the crisis.
The review of the literature identified that there are at
least 30 different kinds of occurrences that commonly
overload human coping capacities and leads to crisis.

EVENTS THAT TRIGGER CRISIS

DEATH through suicide, accidental death and natural death affect

family, friends, associates.
HEALTH AND WELL-BEING through physical and mental illness, injury,
abuse( physical, sexual, psychological) disability affect self, family,
friends.
REPRODUCTIVE ISSUES through unwanted pregnancy, stillbirth,
miscarriage affect self or significant others.
DISRUPTION OF INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS through arguments,
separation, divorce affect spouse, family, friends.
VIOLENCE through domestic, criminal, affect self, family, friends.
DISRUPTION OF WORK OR SCHOOL through layoffs, strikes, academic
failure affect self or significant others.
NATURAL DISASTERS through storms, earthquakes, fires affect self or
significant others.
FINANCIAL EMERGENCIES AND HOMELESSNESS through bankruptcy,
gambling losses, theft, frauds affect self or significant others.

STEPS IN CRISIS
INTERVENTION

Establish a helping relationship:-

It is crucial that counsellor should develop a clear

understanding of the event that light up the crisis and
the meaning of that event to the client. The client needs
to feel the support that grows from being understood.
Counsellors who maintain a calm and confident manner
is reassuring to the client, who observes that the
counsellors is not overwhelmed by his or her problem.
If the client is emotional the counsellor needs to
encourage the client to settle down and try to talk
calmly so that they can figure out what to do.
What the client needs is a role model who is not also
overwhelmed by circumstances.

ASSURE SAFETY

ONE of the most concerns about a client is how

dangerous he or she may be to self or others.
The client may be also in danger from someone else.
It is important for the counsellors to ask the client
direct, specific questions about any of the
circumstances that leads to crisis.
The counsellors must judge the risk based on the
answers to the questions that he received from the
client and by analysing the situation if it is dangerous
he should take steps to involve family, significant
others etc sources of support to help to obtain
hospitalization of the client and to protect any intended
victims by consulting with his supervisor or colleagues.

CONDUCT AN ASSESSMENT

In this stage the counsellor obtains information about

the event that lighted up the crisis, what the event
means to the client, the clients support system, and his
or her functioning prior to the occurrence of the crisis.
The obtained information helps the counsellor to decide
whether the consequences of the event might be
moderate or reversed, whether the clients own coping
skills can be mobilized to meet the challenge, who else
might help and how, and what the counsellors need to
do.
The purpose of the assessment is to determine how the
client usually manages difficult situations and what
skills have typically been available to him or her.

GIVE SUPPORT

This involves finding out who in the clients

enviornment cares, what happens to him or her and
has a favorable opinion of his or her worth.
When self-esteem is low, calling on such individuals to
be attentive and provide comfort is important.
Sometimes the contributions of person in the support
system may be more tangible, for example, providing
financial support for needed medical attention.
The counsellor can express directly to the client even if
other support person are scarce the counsellor can
make it clear to the client that there is one person
right here who really cares about him or her.

ASSIST WITH ACTION PLANS

It is probably most different from other forms of therapy.

The client is in the state of distress that some action step
that can be taken by the counsellor which will help him or
her to return to a pre-crisis level of equilibrium must be
identified in the first session.
The clients own coping mechanisms have failed hence
the counsellor must be willing to take an active role and
will often be more directive than in other forms of
counselling.
This stage will help the client to have experienced some
calming as a result of counselling and sharing of problem.
Because of the calming effect, the clients own coping
abilities and skills are likely to be more available with him
or her than was available at the beginning of the session.

ARRANGE FOR FOLLOW-UP

A follow-up meeting or telephone call should be

arranged at a designated place and time to check on
the clients progress towards resolving the crisis.
Even though clients in crisis are usually well
motivated to escape from the discomfort they are
feeling, some plans are hard to execute and no plan
comes with a guarantee of success.
The follow-up should be taken place within one month
of the crisis session.
If the client has not begun to manage his or her
problem by the time of the follow-up conversation,
then recycling through any or all of the preceding
steps may be in order.

THANK
YOU