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4 Applets

This document provides an overview of Java applets, including: - An applet is a Panel that allows interaction with a Java program and is typically embedded in a web page. - Applets run in a "sandbox" and have no access to the client's file system for security. - To create an applet, you extend the Applet class and override methods like init(), start(), stop(), paint(), and destroy(). The browser handles the applet lifecycle by calling these methods. - The paint(Graphics g) method is for drawing and should be called from repaint() when updates are needed.

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31 views24 pages

4 Applets

This document provides an overview of Java applets, including: - An applet is a Panel that allows interaction with a Java program and is typically embedded in a web page. - Applets run in a "sandbox" and have no access to the client's file system for security. - To create an applet, you extend the Applet class and override methods like init(), start(), stop(), paint(), and destroy(). The browser handles the applet lifecycle by calling these methods. - The paint(Graphics g) method is for drawing and should be called from repaint() when updates are needed.

Uploaded by

Aayush Varshney
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java

Applets

Applets
An applet is a Panel that allows interaction
with a Java program.
A applet is typically embedded in a Web page
and can be run from a browser.
You need special HTML in the Web page to
tell the browser about the applet.
Applets run in a sandbox: they have no access
to the clients file system.

Applet Support
Netscape claims to support Java 1.1, but has
serious omissions.
MS Internet Explorer supports most of 1.1.
The best support isn't a browser, but the
standalone program appletviewer.
In general you want to write applets that
can be run with any browser

What an applet is
You write an applet by extending the class
Applet.
Applet is just a class like any other; you
can even use it in applications if you want.
When you write an applet, you are only
writing part of a program.
The browser supplies the main program.

The genealogy of Applet


java.lang.Object
|
+----java.awt.Component
|
+----java.awt.Container
|
+----java.awt.Panel
|
+----java.applet.Applet

The simplest possible applet


TrivialApplet.java
import java.applet.Applet;
public class TrivialApplet extends Applet { }
TrivialApplet.html
<applet
code="TrivialApplet.class
width=150 height=100>
</applet>

The simplest reasonable applet


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.Applet;
public class HelloWorld extends Applet {
public void paint( Graphics g ) {
g.drawString( "Hello World!", 30, 30 );
}
}

Applet methods

public void
public void
public void
public void
public void

init ()
start ()
stop ()
destroy ()
paint (Graphics g)

Why an applet works


You write an applet by extending the class
Applet.
Applet defines methods init( ), start( ),
stop( ), paint(Graphics), destroy( )
These methods do nothing--they are stubs.
You make the applet do something by
overriding these methods.

public void init ( )


This is the first method to execute
It is an ideal place to initialize variables
It is the best place to define and use buttons,
text fields, sliders, layouts, etc.
Almost every applet you ever write will
have an init( ) method

public void start ( )


Not always needed
Called after init( )
Called each time the page is loaded and
restarted
Used mostly in conjunction with stop( )

public void stop( )

Not always needed


Called when the browser leaves the page
Called just before destroy( )
Use stop( ) if the applet is doing heavy
computation that you dont want to continue
when the browser is on some other page
Used mostly in conjunction with start()

public void destroy( )


Seldom needed
Called after stop( )
Use to explicitly release system resources
(like threads)
System resources are usually released
automatically

Applet flow of control

public void paint(Graphics g)


Almost always needed
Any painting you want to do should be done
here, or in a method you call from here
Painting that you do in other methods may or
may not happen
Dont call this method. Its called automatically.
Call repaint( ) instead.

Sample Graphics methods


A Graphics is something you can paint on.
g.drawString(Hello, World, 20, 20);
g.drawRect(x, y, width, height);
g.fillRect(x, y, width, height);
g.drawOval(x, y, width, height);
g.fillOval(x, y, width, height);
g.setColor(Color.red);

repaint( )
Call repaint( ) when you have changed
something and want your changes to show up
on the screen
repaint( ) is a request--it might not happen.
When you call repaint( ), Java schedules a
call to update(Graphics g).

update( )
When you call repaint( ), Java schedules a call to
update(Graphics g)
Here's what update does:

public void update(Graphics g) {


// Fill applet with background color
paint(g);
}

Other useful Applet methods


System.out.println(String s) still works.
Automatically opens an output window.
showStatus(String) displays the String in
the applets status line.
Each call overwrites the previous call.
You have to allow time to read the line!

Applets are not magic!


Anything you can do in an applet, you can do
in an application.
You can do some things in an application that
you cant do in an applet.
If you want to access files from an applet, it
must be a trusted applet.
Trusted applets are beyond the scope of this
course.

Structure of an HTML page


HTML
HEAD

BODY

TITLE

(content)

Most HTML
tags are
containers.
A container is
<tag> to
</tag>

HTML
<html>
<head>
<title> Hi World Applet </title>
</head>
<body>
<applet code="HiWorld.class
width=300 height=200>
<param name=arraysize value=10>
</applet>
</body>
</html>

<param name=arraysize value=10>


public String getParameter(String name)
String s = getParameter(arraysize);
try { size = Integer.parseInt (s) }
catch (NumberFormatException) {}

The End

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