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FM Generation

This document discusses FM generation and noise in FM. It defines FM as modulating the frequency of a carrier signal based on the instantaneous amplitude of a modulating signal. It describes different FM generation methods like direct and reactance modulation. It explains that noise produces both amplitude and phase modulation in FM due to the noise signal adding to the carrier amplitude and changing phase relative to the carrier over time. Noise is proportional to signal bandwidth and modulation frequency. The noise triangle diagram and remedies of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis are also summarized.

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26 views15 pages

FM Generation

This document discusses FM generation and noise in FM. It defines FM as modulating the frequency of a carrier signal based on the instantaneous amplitude of a modulating signal. It describes different FM generation methods like direct and reactance modulation. It explains that noise produces both amplitude and phase modulation in FM due to the noise signal adding to the carrier amplitude and changing phase relative to the carrier over time. Noise is proportional to signal bandwidth and modulation frequency. The noise triangle diagram and remedies of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Aditya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FM GENERATION

BY,
CARLTON DSILVA 301416
SHERVIN AMBROSE 301403
ADI MADAN 301401
TASNEEM ANSARI301407

DEFINITION OF FM

It is a process of changing the frequency of a high


frequency carrier with respect to instantaneous
amplitude of the modulating signal.

DIFFERENT METHODS

DIRECT METHOD
FET

REACTANCE MODULATOR

VARACTOR

DIODE MODULATOR

FET REACTANCE
MODULATOR
1)ID >>IB
2)XC>>R

NOISE IN FM

Noise is the unwanted signal that interferes with the


transmission of signal from transmitter to receiver.

Noise is proportional to bandwidth of


signal.

NOISE IN FM

In FM due to larger bandwidth noise is produced.

Also with increase in frequency of modulating signal noise


increases.
Noise produces both AM and PM in FM.

VECTOR REPRESENTATION

From the figure if noise voltage Vn is superimposed on


carrier amplitude of noise signal gets added on carrier to
produce amplitude modulation(AM).

At the same time ,noise vector is changing with respect to


carrier will produce phase modulation(PM).

Thus noise in FM produces AM and PM.

Consider the noise voltage constant.

That is Vn =1/4Vc.

Then modulation index is m=1/4.

Also the angle between Vn and Vc is constant that is


=sin-1 (Vn/ Vc )=14.5= constant

10

Since and m are constant hence frequency deviation is


constant.

If
fs = frequency of signal

fn

= frequency of noise
Modulation index
Due to noise

Mfn= (/fn) = constant.


As Mfs= /fm then

11

If fm
Signal to noise ratio (S/N )
Noise

12

NOISE TRIANGLE

N/S

Mf=5

13

REMEDIES

Hence moduating signal frequency is boosted at


transmitter end
known as Pre-Emphasis.
And signal is attenuated at receiver known as De-Emphasis
.

14

www.ques10.com%2Fp%2F11406%2Fexplain-noise-triangle-infm
%2F&psig=AFQjCNFSAcXSbkf3S8yB10VXKl203uhVmA&ust=14
75511171575617

REFERENCES
15

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