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Global Server Load Balancing: Cns 205-5I: Citrix Netscaler 10.5 Essentials and Networking

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139 views37 pages

Global Server Load Balancing: Cns 205-5I: Citrix Netscaler 10.5 Essentials and Networking

9eutr

Uploaded by

sudharaghavan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Global Server Load Balancing

CNS 205-5I: Citrix NetScaler 10.5 Essentials and Networking

Overview
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Identify GSLB architecture, basic concepts, and common deployment methods.
Configure GSLB on the NetScaler system.
Configure Metric Exchange Protocol (MEP) to check the health of datacenters, remote servers,
and ensure availability.
Configure site-to-site communication to synchronize a primary GSLB site with secondary sites and
exchange site metrics.
Customize the GSLB configuration.

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GSLB Deployment Methods


The following are typical GSLB configurations:
Active-active datacenter setup
Active-standby datacenter setup
Proximity setup

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GSLB Concepts
Typical uses of GSLB include:
Network traffic distribution across multiple sites
Server load distribution across multiple sites
Disaster recovery
Protection against points of failure in a wide area network (WAN)

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GSLB Conversation Process

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GSLB Entity Relationship

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Name Servers
Name servers store information about one or more zones. Name servers that you
can add internally on the NetScaler include:
IP address-based
Virtual server-based

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External DNS Server Example

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Authoritative DNS Service


In an authoritative configuration, the NetScaler system answers the DNS query. In
this configuration, the NetScaler system:
Is locally configured as SOA for the GSLB domain
Can be configured for a maximum of 32 sites
Does not support zone transfers or recursive query
Can be set to participate as authoritative

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Metric Exchange Protocol


The NetScaler system uses the proprietary metric exchange protocol (MEP) to:
Exchange load metrics
Network metrics
Persistence information between sites

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Metric Information Types


Metric information types include:
Load
Network
Persistence

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To Configure Site Metric Exchange


Site metrics exchanged between the GSLB sites include:
Status of each load-balancing content-switching virtual server
Current number of connections
Current packet rate
Current bandwidth usage information.

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GSLB Monitoring Configuration


If a specific monitor is bound, NetScaler ignores the GSLB service state collected
through MEP, and GSLB uses the state reported by the monitor

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Basic GSLB Site Configuration


In a typical GSLB setup:
There are many GSLB sites that are equipped to serve the same content to a client
Sites are usually geographically separated to make sure that the domain is active, even if one site
goes DOWN completely
At each site, the local GSLB site and remote GSLB site is configured

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GSLB Service Configuration


A local GSLB service represents a local load-balancing or content-switching
virtual server
A remote GSLB service represents a load-balancing or content-switching virtual
server configured at one of the other sites in the GSLB setup

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Services Management
Services are enabled by default when you create them. You can disable or enable
each service individually.

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GSLB Virtual Server Configuration


A GSLB virtual server is an entity that represents one or more GSLB services and
balances traffic between them
It evaluates the configured GSLB methods or algorithms to select a GSLB service
to which to send the client request

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Viewing and Configuring GSLB with the Visualizer


The configuration utility includes a GSLB visualizer tool, which provides an
alternative way to view and configure entities in a GSLB configuration

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Configuring Site to Site Communication


You can:
Specify a password of your choice
Enhance security by encrypting the information that GSLB sites exchange
Specify a source IP address for the RPC node

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RPC Node Password


After you change the password for the RPC node of the local site, you must
manually propagate the change to the RPC node at each remote site.

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Encryption of Site Metrics Exchange


Unsecured RPC nodes use TCP port 3011
Secured RPC nodes use TCP port 3009

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Customizing the GSLB Configuration


Once your basic GSLB configuration is operational, you can customize it by:
Modifying the bandwidth of a GSLB service
Configuring CNAME-based GSLB services
Configuring static proximity
Configuring dynamic RTT
Configuring persistent connections
Configuring dynamic weights for services
Changing the GSLB method
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Creating CNAME-based GSLB Services


CNAME-based GSLB services are useful in a multilevel domain resolver
configuration or in multilevel domain load balancing

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Changing the GSLB Method


The NetScaler system provides the following GSLB methods:
Round robin
Least connections
Least response time
Least bandwidth
Least packets
Source IP hash

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Proximity-Based Load Balancing Method


Proximity-based load-balancing methods include:
Dynamic network proximity
Round trip time (RTT)
Static proximity

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Implementing Proximity-Based GSLB


The main benefit of proximity-based GSLB is faster response time resulting from
the selection of the closest available site.

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Static and Dynamic RTT Configuration


You can configure the GSLB virtual server to use a combination of static proximity
and dynamic RTT when you have some clients coming from an internal network
like a branch office.

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GSLB Persistence
Site Persistence ensures that LDNS requests are sent to the same site and are
not load-balanced
Cookie-based persistence allow the HTTP-level persistence settings

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Configuring of Persistence Connections


If persistence is configured for a particular domain, it takes precedence over the
configured GSLB method
Persistence is useful for deployments that deal with e-commerce, where the
server needs to maintain the state of the connection to track the transaction

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Configuring of Persistence Based on Source IP


When a DNS request is received at a datacenter in which source-IP-addresspersistence is configured, the NetScaler system:
1. Looks for an entry in the persistence table
2. If an entry for the LDNS server exists and the server mentioned in the entry is configured, the
IP address of that server is sent as the DNS response.

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Persistence Based on HTTP Cookies


The NetScaler system provides persistence at the HTTP-request level by using
connection proxy and HTTP redirect:
The client is reconnected to the same server through an HTTP cookie
The NetScaler system inserts the site cookie in the first HTTP response

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Using Dynamic Weights for Services


Dynamic weights can be based on either:
The total number of services bound to the virtual server
The sum of the weights of the individual services bound to the virtual server
Traffic distribution is then based on the weights configured for the services

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Monitoring GSLB Services


You can configure NetScaler to use monitors to evaluate services in the following
situations:
Always use monitors (default)
Use monitors when MEP shows as DOWN

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GSLB in an Active-Standby Datacenter Setup


A conventional disaster recovery setup includes:
An active datacenter
A standby datacenter (remote site)

When a failover occurs as a result of a disaster event that causes the primary
active datacenter to be inactive, the standby datacenter becomes operational.

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GSLB in an Active-Active Datacenter Setup


An active-active GSLB deployment removes any risk in having a standby
datacenter
Web or application content can be mirrored in geographically separate locations

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GSLB with Weighted Round Robin


When you configure GSLB to use the weighted round-robin method, weights are
added to the GSLB services and the configured percentage of incoming traffic is
sent to each GSLB site.

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WORK BETTER. LIVE BETTER.

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2014 Citrix Systems

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