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Reseach Question

The document discusses formulating good research questions. It states that a research question should guide the research and synthesize multiple sources to present a unique argument. The question should be something the researcher cares about and avoids being too broad or narrow. Good questions are relevant, manageable, substantial, consistent with requirements, clear and simple, and interesting. The document provides tips for developing a research question such as choosing a topic of interest, conducting preliminary research, specifying a concern, turning the concern into a question, and ensuring it is answerable. Overall, the document emphasizes that forming a strong research question is an iterative process and is essential for focusing the research.

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284 views39 pages

Reseach Question

The document discusses formulating good research questions. It states that a research question should guide the research and synthesize multiple sources to present a unique argument. The question should be something the researcher cares about and avoids being too broad or narrow. Good questions are relevant, manageable, substantial, consistent with requirements, clear and simple, and interesting. The document provides tips for developing a research question such as choosing a topic of interest, conducting preliminary research, specifying a concern, turning the concern into a question, and ensuring it is answerable. Overall, the document emphasizes that forming a strong research question is an iterative process and is essential for focusing the research.

Uploaded by

hanan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

Research

begins with
a problem
an
unanswered
question in
the mind of
the
researcher.

Research
interprets
the meaning
of the data,
confirming
or rejecting
the
hypothesis.

Research
looks for
data, which
is collected
and
organized.

Research
defines the
goal in
terms of a
clear
problem
statement.

Research is
a cyclical
process

Research
posits
tentative
solutions
hypotheses.

Research
subdivides
the problem
into
manageable
pieces.

What is a Research Question?

A research question guides and centers


your research.
It should be clear and focused, as well as
synthesize multiple sources to present
your unique argument.
The research question should ideally be
something that you are interested in or
care about.
Be careful to avoid the all-about paper
and questions that can be answered in a
few factual statements.

How Do You Formulate A Good


Research Question?

Choose a general topic of interest, and


conduct preliminary research on this
topic in current periodicals and journals
to see what research has already been
done.
This will help determine what kinds of
questions the topic generates.

Specify your specific concern or issue


Decide what you want to know about
the specific concern or issue
Turn what you want to know and the
specific concern into a question
Ensure that the question is answerable
Check to make sure the question is not
too broad or too narrow

Relevant.
Manageable in terms of research and in
terms of your own academic abilities.
Substantial and with original
dimensions.
Consistent with the requirements of the
assessment.
Clear and simple.
Interesting.

1) Is the research question something


I/others care about? Is it arguable?
2) Is the research question a new spin on
an old idea, or does it solve a problem?
3) Is it too broad or too narrow?
4) Is the research question researchable
within the given time frame and
location?
5) What information is needed?

1) Define or measure a specific fact or


gather facts about a specific
phenomenon.
2) Match facts and theory.
3) Evaluate and compare two theories,
models, or hypotheses.
4) Prove that a certain method is more
effective than other methods.

Moreover, the research question should


address what the variables of the
experiment are, their relationship, and
state something about the testing of
those relationships

the research question that guides the


sciences and social sciences should do
the following three things:
1) Post a problem.
2) Shape the problem into a testable
hypothesis.
3) Report the results of the tested
hypothesis.

There

are two types of data that can


help shape research questions in the
sciences and social sciences:
quantitative and qualitative data.
While quantitative data focuses on the
numerical measurement and analysis
between variables, qualitative data
examines the social processes that give
rise to the relationships, interactions,
and constraints of the inquiry.

Are children who play video games


more likely to be violent?

How does divorce influence children's


social development?
A hit! How does divorce influence
children's social development?
Close! What effect does divorce have
on children? (what effect?)
Miss!How will the aftermath of divorce
affect humanity?(too broad: what
aspect? who?)

Research Process begins with


forming a problem question to guide
your research.
The problem question is what we
expect to answer through our
research.
Often the question is initially
general, but it gets refined as you
begin and continue your research.

Research must begin with an


unanswered question or an unsolved
problem, not just a topic of interest.

The world is full of unanswered


questions and unresolved problems.
By asking questions, we ignite a chain
reaction, which leads to research.

A good research question:


Defines the investigation
Sets boundaries
Provides direction

19

Research directions are not always at the


full discretion of the researcher.
Practicalities include:

Appropriateness of the topic


Your ability to get supervisory support
Funding opportunities and commitments

20

An angle for your research can come


from insights stemming from:

personal experience
theory
observations
contemporary issues
engagement with the literature

21

Narrowing, clarifying, and even


redefining your questions is essential
to the research process.
Forming the right questions should be
seen as an iterative process that is
informed by reading and doing at all
stages.

22

23

Hypotheses are designed to express


relationships between variables. If this
is the nature of your question, a
hypothesis can add to your research
If your question is more descriptive or
explorative, generating a hypothesis
may not be appropriate

24

A hypothesis may not be appropriate if:

You do not have a hunch or educated guess


about a particular situation
You do not have a set of defined variables.
Your question centres on phenomenological
description (see Chapter 9)
Your question centres on an ethnographic study
of a cultural group (see Chapter 9)
Your aim is to engage in, and research, the
process of collaborative change (see Chapter 10)

25

Is

the question right for me?

Will the question hold my interest?


Can I manage any potential
biases/subjectivities I may have?

26

Is the question right for the field?


Will the findings be considered significant?
Will it make a contribution?

27

Is

the question well articulated?

Are the terms well-defined?


Are there any unchecked assumptions?

28

Is

the question doable?

Can information be collected in an attempt to answer the question?


Do I have the skills and expertise necessary to access this
information? If not, can the skills be developed?
Will I be able to get it all done within my time constraints?
Are costs likely to exceed my budget?
Are there any potential ethics problems?

29

Does

the question get the tick of


approval from those in the know?

Does my supervisor think I am on the right


track?
Do experts in the field think my question is
relevant/ important/ doable?

30

1. Begin by forming a question you wish


to answer.

Are teachers with more education better


educators?
All research revolves around two issues:
the ethical treatment of your participants
and the validity of your findings.

2. Precisely define your variables-use


operational definitions when possible.
What do you mean by education?

Are you only interested in formal education?


What about workshops, seminars, etc.
What about education not related to
teaching.
A teacher with 3 masters degrees may have
more years of formal education that a
teacher with a doctorate.

2. Precisely define your variables (cont.)


What do you mean by effective
educator?

Better test scores?


Fewer behavior problems?
More motivated students?

What percentage of participants in this


study are women?
What is the clients degree of satisfaction
with the services provided by the health
insurance services?
Do men or women score higher on the
graduate record exam?
What percentage of people living in Egypt
incomes below the poverty line?

Usually focus on one concept or idea.


Generally dont make comparisons
among groups.
Can be based on hunches or personal
experience.
Usually pertain to the actions or
perceptions of participants.

How do members of the rural


community experience grief?
How do adolescent in rural
communities perceive their ability to
obtain health services?
How do Egyptian women view domestic
violence?
Why do urban teenagers have violent
behavior?

Quantitative research focuses on


causal relationships and their impact
(outcomes). They also answer what
questions.
Descriptive research answers what
and who questions.
Qualitative research answers how
and why questions or process.

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