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Chapter 1 - Classification of Materials Tyt

The document classifies engineering materials into four main groups: metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. It discusses the properties and examples of each material. Metals are further divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Key properties highlighted include metals being strong and conductive, ceramics being brittle but heat-resistant, and polymers being lightweight but poor conductors. Composites combine different materials like ceramic fibers in a polymer or metal matrix.

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1K views19 pages

Chapter 1 - Classification of Materials Tyt

The document classifies engineering materials into four main groups: metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. It discusses the properties and examples of each material. Metals are further divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Key properties highlighted include metals being strong and conductive, ceramics being brittle but heat-resistant, and polymers being lightweight but poor conductors. Composites combine different materials like ceramic fibers in a polymer or metal matrix.

Uploaded by

pandimr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

CLASSIFICATION OF
MATERIALS

1
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

OBJECTIVES
To classify engineering materials into metals,
polymers, ceramics and composites
To distinguish between ferrous metals and
non-ferrous metals
To list the general properties of metals,
polymers, ceramics and composites

2
SCOPE

Classification of materials into metals,


polymers,ceramics and composites
Metals and their properties
Polymers and their properties
Ceramics and their properties
Composites and their properties
Comparison of general properties of
metals and polymeric materials

3
CLASSIFICATION OF
ENGINEERING MATERIALS

Engineering materials,in general, can be


classified into four groups:
Metals
Polymers
Ceramics and
Composites

4
EXAMPLES - 1

Metals
Ferrous Metals
Iron, Steels, Cast irons, etc
Non-Ferrous Metals
Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Aluminium (Al),
Titanium (Ti), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb), etc.

5
EXAMPLES - 2

Ceramics
Alumina, glass, bricks, porcelain, etc.

Polymers
Rubber, plastics, polyurethane, etc.

Composites
Glass-fibre reinforced plastic, ceramic-fibre in
metal matrix, etc.

6
Difference Between Ferrous
Metals And Non-Ferrous Metals

Ferrous metals contain mainly iron


and a small amount of carbon

Non-ferrous metals do not contain


iron or they may contain a small
amount of alloying iron

7
Applications

Ferrous Metals
For making car bodies, engine
crankshafts, tools,gears, fasteners
(bolts and nuts), etc

Non-Ferrous Metals
For making brass locks, coins,
aluminium panels, rivets, etc

8
General Properties Of Metals

Reflectivity of light (lustrous)


Hard and strong
Ductile and malleable
Good conductor of heat and electricity

9
Ceramics

Traditional ceramics
For the making of roof and floor tiles,
bricks, pottery, bathroom fixtures,fire bricks,
etc
New or Technical ceramics
For making high-temperature jet engine
components, spark-plug insulator,
abrasive cutting tools, grinding tools, etc

10
General Properties Of Ceramics

Hard and brittle (glass-like)


Good refractoriness (i.e. ability to
withstand high temperature without
deterioration in properties)
Good thermal and electrical insulator
Good resistance to corrosion

11
Polymers

Can either exist naturally or synthetically


They are based chemically on carbon
which combines with elements such as
H2, O2 or non-metallic substances
Examples
Rubber, Polyester (Dacron), Polyethylene,
Polyamide, PVC, etc

12
Applications Of Polymers

For making hairbrushes, combs, tyres,


biomedical products (e.g. tubes,
syringes,bags, etc)
Examples: rubber (occurring naturally)
polyester (dacron)
polyethylene (PE)
polyamide (nylon)
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

13
General Properties Of Polymers
Relatively low density (light weight)
Soft and flexible (for most polymers)
Poor heat and electrical conductors
Good resistance to corrosion
Good compatibility with human tissues
Combustible and dimensionally unstable at
relatively low temperature (generally for most
thermoplastics)

14
Composites

These are materials that are developed by


combining different types of materials
Examples:
(i) metal/ceramic fibres dispersed in
polymeric matrix.
(ii) ceramic fibres dispersed in metal
matrix

15
Applications Of Composites

For the making of boat hulls

Storage tanks
Rubbish containers

16
Comparison Of General Properties
Metals And Polymeric Materials
METALS POLYMERIC MATERIALS

i. Good heat and i. Good heat and electrical


electrical conductors insulators
ii. Higher heat ii. Low heat resistance
resistance
iii. Harder iii. Soft

iv. Higher strength iv. Lower strength

v. Poor resistance to v. Strength/weight ratio


corrosion compares favourably with that
of many light alloys.
vi. Good corrosion resistance.
17
Polymers
Composites
Types of polymers
What are they?
Properties of polymers
Examples of composites Applications of polymers
Examples of polymers

Classification Of
Materials
Ceramics
Traditional ceramics
Non-traditional ceramics
Metals (Engineering ceramics)
Ferrous metals Properties of ceramics
Non-Ferrous metals Examples of traditional
Properties of metals and non-traditional
Examples of metals ceramics
18
THANK YOU

19

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