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Communicable Diseases: Ramya H Kucte, Kariavatom

Communicable diseases are spread from person to person through various modes of transmission like direct contact, pathogens, food/water, and airborne routes. Some common communicable diseases discussed include chickenpox caused by varicella virus spread through direct contact; AIDS caused by HIV virus spread through blood/bodily fluids; malaria caused by plasmodium parasites spread through mosquito bites; measles caused by measles virus spread through cough/sneeze droplets; tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bacteria spread through the air; and rabies caused by rabies virus spread through animal bites. Prevention methods include vaccines, proper hygiene, insect repellents, completed drug courses, and avoiding contact with wild/stray animals

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RAMYA H
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125 views18 pages

Communicable Diseases: Ramya H Kucte, Kariavatom

Communicable diseases are spread from person to person through various modes of transmission like direct contact, pathogens, food/water, and airborne routes. Some common communicable diseases discussed include chickenpox caused by varicella virus spread through direct contact; AIDS caused by HIV virus spread through blood/bodily fluids; malaria caused by plasmodium parasites spread through mosquito bites; measles caused by measles virus spread through cough/sneeze droplets; tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bacteria spread through the air; and rabies caused by rabies virus spread through animal bites. Prevention methods include vaccines, proper hygiene, insect repellents, completed drug courses, and avoiding contact with wild/stray animals

Uploaded by

RAMYA H
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICABLE

DISEASES
RAMYA H
KUCTE, KARIAVATOM
INTRODUCTION
Communicable diseases are diseases
that are spread from one person to
the other.

Diseases that are caused by germs/


pathogens.

Pathogens are viral, bacterial,


parasitic worms and fungus.
Modes of transmission
Direct contact: Exposure to
infected body fluids such as blood OR
saliva.

Pathogens: Germs are spread by an


animal OR insect , usually through a
bite.
Food and water: food and water
can become contaminated with
germs and people can get sick when
hey eat/drink them.

Airborne : germs are spread through


the air when some one coughs/
sneezes.
Chicken pox
Chicken pox is a common disease
caused by the varicella zoster virus.
Symptoms ;
Small fever, body aches and loss of
appetite.

Within 1/ 2 days the rashes appears ,


begin as red spots which the form
blisters, and spreads to the rest of
the body.
Prevention
There are no actual cures for it, but
you can get a vaccine shot to help
prevent it.
Tylenol is used for fever or pain relief.
Antiviral drugs such as Acyclovir may
be prescribed.
You can put calamine lotion on the
pocks to help to stop the itching.
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency
syndrome
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
Patients have very weak immune
system.

Symptoms ; headache, fever,


neuropathy, rashes, nausea, vomiting.
Mode of transmission
Sharing needles, unsterilized blades,
unprotected intercourse, mothers to baby.
Prevention
Monogamous relationship
Protected sex
Sterilized needles
Anti retro viral drugs such as AZT,
Viramune,Norvir
Malaria
It is caused by four plasmodium virus
species such as P.falsciparum,
P.vivax, P.malariae, P.ovale.
Symptoms; chills, fever, internal
fever , body ache.
Mode of transmission; it is
transmitted by female anopheles
mosquito.
Prevention
Use a spray containing Permethrin on
clothing.
Use insect repellents regularly in
cream, spray or gel form that contain
diethyl toluamide.
Use mats and coils in closed rooms
to repel the mosquitoes.
Antimalarial drugs are used such as
chloroquine.
Measles
Measles is a viral disease
Symptoms ; diarrhea, pneumonia,
convulsions

Mode of transmissions ; transmitted


by droplet infection 4 days before and
4 days after rash.
Prevention
Live attenuated measles virus
propagated on human diploid cell.

Measles vaccine has to be given at 9


months .

If a measles vaccine given a 3


months gap is advisable to give MMR
vaccine.
Tuberculosis (TB)
An infectious disease caused by a
bacterium mycobacterium TB, that
most commonly affects the lungs.
Symptoms; slight fever, night sweats,
weight loss fatigue.
Modes of transmission ; TB is an
airborne disease able to be passed
from one personto another.
Prevention
Isoniazid is a medicine used to
prevent tuberculosis infection.
Mainstay therapy that takes a course
of 9-12 months in order to complete.
Surgery is generally reserved for
patients with obstruction of vital
organs.
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes
acute encephalitis in warm blooded
animals, it can be transmitted to
humans from other species.

The rabies virus infects the CNS,


cause disease in brain and cause
death.
Symptoms ; partial paralysis, anxiety,
insomnia, confusion, abnormal behavior,
terror and hallucinations .

Mode of transmission: rabies may also


spread through exposure to infected
domestic animals, bears and other wild
carnivores.
Small rodents such as squirrel, rat, guinea
pigs etc.
Prevention
Vaccinating dogs, cats, rabbits etc.
Keeping pets under supervision.
Not handling wild animals or strays.
Contacting an animal control officer
upon observing a wild animal , if the
animal acting strangely.
If bitten by an animal, washing the
wound with soap and water for 10-15
minutes and consult a doctor.

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