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Powerpoint For Perturbation

This document discusses perturbation theory and its application to the anharmonic oscillator. It begins by defining an anharmonic oscillator as one that deviates from simple harmonic motion. It then explains perturbation theory as a systematic method to obtain approximate solutions to a perturbed system by building on the known solution to the unperturbed case. The document provides the perturbation theory equations and walks through an example problem of applying perturbation theory to find the energy correction to the ground state of a harmonic oscillator with a perturbing potential.

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878 views23 pages

Powerpoint For Perturbation

This document discusses perturbation theory and its application to the anharmonic oscillator. It begins by defining an anharmonic oscillator as one that deviates from simple harmonic motion. It then explains perturbation theory as a systematic method to obtain approximate solutions to a perturbed system by building on the known solution to the unperturbed case. The document provides the perturbation theory equations and walks through an example problem of applying perturbation theory to find the energy correction to the ground state of a harmonic oscillator with a perturbing potential.

Uploaded by

ronric razales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Anharmonic

Oscillator
Perturbation Method
Anharmonic Oscillator
is defined as
the deviation
of a system
from harmonic
oscillation, or
an oscillator
not oscillating
in simple
harmonic
motion.
Picture 1
Perturbation Theory
It is the a systematic
procedure for
obtaining
approximation
solutions to the
perturbed problem,
by building on the
known exact solution
to the unperturbed
case. Picture 2
Perturbation Theory
Wed like to solve for the new eigenfunctions and
eigenvalues:

Eq. 1

When a pertubation is applied to a system the new


Hamiltonian is given as:

Eq. 2
where H is the unperturbed Hamiltonian and H is
the pertubed Hamiltonian.
Perturbation Theory
Writing wave function as power series in , we
have

Eq. 3

and the eigenvalues are given as


Eq. 4
Perturbation Theory
To first order

To second order
Perturbation Theory
Plugging Eqs.3, 4 and 2 into Eq. 1 we have

Collecting like power of


First Order
Evaluating

But H is Hermitian, so

and this cancels the first term on the right.


First Order
Evaluating

Moreover, , so

It says that the first-order correction to the energy


is
the expectation value of the perturbation in the
unperturbed state !
Second Order
Evaluating

Again, we exploit the Hermiticity of H:


Second Order
Evaluating

Moreover,
Second Order
but

so
Second Order
Finally

This is the fundamental result of second-order


perturbation theory.
Sample Problem
Adding
to the Hamiltonian of a
harmonic oscillator with
frequency a perturbation of
the form .

(a) Find the energy of the


ground state up to the second
order using the perturbation
theory.
Algorithm
1) Write the new hamiltonian of the system.
2) Use the perturbation theory formula
3) Use the lowering and raising operator to solve
4) Substitute as n=0 , 1, 2
5) Add all answer
6) Print sum
Solution
(a) The new Hamiltonian of the system will be:

| are the unperturbated eigenstates of Harmonic


Oscillator. The energy of the ground state expended
to a series will be:
Solution
Using the perturbation theory formulas

where
Solution
and
by using the lowering and raising operators a
and a and their properties:

As we expect the mean value of x at the ground


state will be zero therefore:

To find we will first calculate the terms :


Solution
After some algebra one can see that :

Therefore:

Substituting into (2) we get:


Solution
Therefore the energy of the ground state up to
second order in will be:

We can see that the ground state shifts down when


this perturbation is present. The other conclusion is
that this perturbation couples only the nearest
neighbor states.
References
Griffiths, D.J. (1995) Introduction to Quantum
Mechanics, Upper Saddle River New Jersey, Person
Prentice Hall Inc.

Kroemer, H. (1994) Quantum Mechanics, Englewood


Cliffs, New Jersey, Person Prentice Hall Inc.

(2017) 123 zero energy


Retrieved from https
://solaralberta.ca/business-profile/123-zeroenergy
References
Ionut Catalin Parvu (2013) PERTURBED stamp sign
Retrieved from
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/perturbed-
stamp-sign-text-word-logo-540890584?src=wy-ocNoPtzlPCdG1sC
fiKg-1-19

Shay, H.T., Holmes, A. ,(10 Dec 2016) Vibrational Overtones


Retrieved from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/Physical_and_The
oretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Map%3A_Physical_Chemistry
_(McQuarrie_and_Simon)/13%3A_Molecular_Spectroscopy/13-05.
_Overtones_Are_Observed_in_Vibrational_Spectra
Thank You

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