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Photoelectric Pyrometer

The document discusses photoelectric pyrometers, which use the photoelectric effect to measure high temperatures without physical contact. Photoelectric pyrometers became available in 1901 with the development of disappearing filament pyrometers. They work by measuring the electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object, which is directly related to its temperature. Most modern photoelectric pyrometers use a photovoltaic cell made of silicon, which generates a current proportional to radiation intensity. They can measure temperatures from 1500-3000°F and respond much faster than total radiation pyrometers.

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Avinash Garikapati
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1K views13 pages

Photoelectric Pyrometer

The document discusses photoelectric pyrometers, which use the photoelectric effect to measure high temperatures without physical contact. Photoelectric pyrometers became available in 1901 with the development of disappearing filament pyrometers. They work by measuring the electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object, which is directly related to its temperature. Most modern photoelectric pyrometers use a photovoltaic cell made of silicon, which generates a current proportional to radiation intensity. They can measure temperatures from 1500-3000°F and respond much faster than total radiation pyrometers.

Uploaded by

Avinash Garikapati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Photoelectric pyrometer

Photoelectric pyrometer
The word itself consists photoelectric effect.
History
History

The first pyrometer by the potter Josiah Wedgwood (1780s)

Modern pyrometers became available when the first disappearing filament


pyrometer was built by L.Holborn and F.Kurlbaum. (1901)
What is pyrometer ?????
Pyrometer is a type of thermometer used
to measure the high temperatures .
It is used for measuring temperature
without any physical contact (non
contact).
It is used for measuring body
temperature by measuring its
electromagnetic radiation.
Principle of pyrometer
Its principle depends upon the relationship
between temperature of hot body and
electromagnetic radiation emitted by the body.
when a body is heated, it emits thermal energy
known as heat radiation .it is a technique for
determining a body temperature by measuring
its electromagnetic radiation.
Photoelectric pyrometer
Majority is based on the photovoltaic effect
,the same as utilized in a solar cell
.explained in simple terms a quantum of
light striking the surface of a semi
conductor may excite an electron in thee
material from a valence band to the
conduction band .
Normally the excited electron and the
positive hole will recombine within a short
time and the energy comes out as heat.
Photoelectric pyrometer
A requirement is that the light quantum has sufficient
energy hv (which means sufficiently short wavelength
) to overcome the band gap of the material .
Silicon is universally used for the production of
solar cells , it is also the dominating material for
sensors in photovoltaic pyrometers.
Pure silicon has a band gap of 1.12 ev corresponding to
a maximum efficient in the near infrared with
wavelength around 1 m.
It may be noted that the photovoltaic cell yields a
current which is directly proportional to the intensity
of the radiation while the voltage remains constant .
Photoelectric pyrometer
Employed in the temperature range
between 1500 3000 F .
Have advantage in speed, since
response of a photosensitive cell to
radiation is immediate. Eg. Steel,
rolling mills.
For temp of about 2000 F and
below an amplifier may be required
because cell output is too small .
Radiation Detectors
photoelectric detector
Photoconductors Photodiodes Photovoltaic cells

Vacuum photocells Photomultipliers


Photoelectric Pyrometers
Measurement of rapidly changing temperatures

Total radiation pyrometers: 1 ms ~ 15 ms


Photoelectric pyrometers: 1 ~ 2 s

Photoelectric
Pyrometer
with
Direct radiant flux

Photoelectric
Pyrometer
with
Modulated radiant flux
Photoelectric Pyrometers
Scale defining equation (For a black body)

the output signal of the photoelectric radiation detectors is proportional


to the number of photons (N)

(Warnke, 1972)

(in a narrow temperature range)

(IT: output current, B: constant, T: black body temperature,


n: 5~12)
Photoelectric Pyrometers
Scale defining equation (For a non-black body)

(Reynolds, 1961)

Band emissivity is never precisely known.

in practical, (Worthing, 1941)


Thank you.
Any questions?

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