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Radiography Testing: RT Principle

Radiography testing involves using gamma rays or x-rays to test for defects in welds. It produces a permanent film record of the test. Some advantages are that it provides a clear two-dimensional image of defects and operator dependence is minimized by using a penetrameter reference. Some limitations are that both surfaces must be accessible, the job temperature must be below 60°C, and certified operators are required.

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Avish Shah
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349 views6 pages

Radiography Testing: RT Principle

Radiography testing involves using gamma rays or x-rays to test for defects in welds. It produces a permanent film record of the test. Some advantages are that it provides a clear two-dimensional image of defects and operator dependence is minimized by using a penetrameter reference. Some limitations are that both surfaces must be accessible, the job temperature must be below 60°C, and certified operators are required.

Uploaded by

Avish Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RADIOGRAPHY TESTING

SOURCE
RT PRINCIPLE

GAMMA RAYS / X - RAYS


WELD
IQI

JOB

FILM SCREEN

CASSETTE HOLDER

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
RADIOGRAPHY SOURCE

1. GAMMA RAY SOURCES


EXAMPLE
IRIDIUM - 192 HALF LIFE 75 DAYS
COBALT - 60 HALF LIFE 5 YEARS

2. X-RAY SOURCES
EXAMPLE
MEDICAL X-RAY MACHINE
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY MACHINE e.g.
SEIFERT 400
ANDREX 300 OF L&T

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
PENETRAMETER

WIRE TYPE

WIRE DIAMETER (mm)


ASTM A B C D
0.08 0.25 0.81 2.50
0.10 0.33 1.02 3.20
0.13 0.40 1.27 4.06
0.16 0.51 1.60 5.10
1 A 0.20 0.64 2.03 6.40
0.25 0.81 2.50 8.00

ASTM WIRE

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
PENETRAMETER

WIRE TYPE

T = THICKNESS OF PENETRAMETER
4T
INTHOUSAND OF AN INCH (0.02)
T

2T RANGE 0F T FROM 10 TO 180

ASTM PLAQUE

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
ADVANTAGES OF RT METHOD
ADVANTAGES OF RADIOGRAPHY TESTING METHOD

1. RT - FILM IS A PERMANENT RECORD OF TESTING IN T HE


FORM OF HARD-REPORT.

2. TWO-DIMENSIONAL- IMAGE OF DEFECT IS MUCH EASIER


AND CLEAR TO INTERPRET.

3. OPERATOR DEPENDENCE IS MINIMUM AS EACH FILM IS


QUALIFIED WITH PENETRA METER

4. EVALUATION OF WELD IS POSSIBLE AT A DISTANT PLACE


AWAY FORM JOB LOCATION

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING
LIMITATIONS OF RT METHOD
LIMITATIONS OF RADIOGRAPHY TESTING METHOD

1. BOTH SURFACES OF THE JOB SHOULD BE ACCESSIBLE TO


OPERATORS.
0
2. JOB TEMPERATURE SHOULD NOT EXECEED 60 .

3. FILMS ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO


TEMPRATURE,PRESSURE,HUMIDITY.

4. WELD SURFACE INDICATIONS ARE CONFUSED WITH


INDICATION LIKE SLAGS, LACK OF FUSIONS AND UNDERCUT
CAUSING merge and reshoot.

5. CERTIFIED AND LICENSED OPERATORS ARE REQUIRED.

6. RT ENCLOSURE IS NEEDED or

9. EVACUATION OF CERTAIN AREA IS REQUIRED

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING

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