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Optics Prescriptions

The document summarizes key aspects of optics and prescriptions for eyeglasses. It discusses the refraction contributed by different parts of the eye, common refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia, and how they are corrected using concave and convex lenses. It also provides examples of prescriptions and explains terms like diopters, plus and minus signs, astigmatism corrections, and additional notations for acuity and prism corrections.

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Dwayne Johnson
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106 views25 pages

Optics Prescriptions

The document summarizes key aspects of optics and prescriptions for eyeglasses. It discusses the refraction contributed by different parts of the eye, common refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia, and how they are corrected using concave and convex lenses. It also provides examples of prescriptions and explains terms like diopters, plus and minus signs, astigmatism corrections, and additional notations for acuity and prism corrections.

Uploaded by

Dwayne Johnson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPTICS AND

PRESCRIPTIONS
How Much Refraction
Takes Place in the Normal Eye?

Normal eye generates approximately 60


diopters.
Each of the clear surfaces of the eye
contribute at least some refraction.
Amount of Refraction Contributed
by Each Structure

Tears 1-2 diopters


Conjunctiva 3-4 diopters
Cornea 40 diopters
Acqueous humor 4-5 diopters
Lens 5-8 diopters
Viterous humor 5 diopters
Conditions Which Cause
Refractive Problems

Myopia (nearsightedness)
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
Astigmatism (everythings blurry)
Can Refractive Errors be
Corrected?
Yes!!! Through the use of concave and
convex lenses.
Correction of Refractive Errors
The myopic eye has too much refraction (bending power):
Ex: Normal = 60 and Myopic = 70
The hyperopic eye has too little refraction:
Ex: Normal = 60 and Hyperopic = 50
History of Optical Correction
1000 AD reading stone that was laid on reading material
to magnify it.
1284 Italy -- Salvino D'Armate invented first pair of
wearable glasses.
Eyeglasses from around 1400
A reproduction of
early wearable
eyeglasses.
Early Representations in Art
The earliest
representation of
spectacles in artwork
came from Tommaso da
Modena.
Two brothers copying
manuscripts one with
glasses, one with a
magnifier.
Read More About It
Go back to the Notes Index for our web site to go to a full
article about the history of optics and prescriptions.
Types of Lenses
Single vision
Bifocal
Progressive
Reading glasses
Types of Lens Material
Glass
High index materials
Photochromic
Right Eye and Left Eye
OD = right eye
OS = left eye
OU = both eyes together
The Numbers and What They Mean
minus (-)
A minus (-) indicates taking away diopters of refraction.
People with a minus correction have myopia
(nearsightedness).
The higher the number after the minus, the higher the
degree of myopia.
Plus (+)
A plus (+) indicates adding diopters of refraction.
People with a plus correction have hyperopia
(farsightedness).
The higher the number after the plus, the higher the
degree of hyperopia.
Astigmatic correction (no. X no.)
Two numbers separated by an X or the word Axis on a
prescription indicates that the client has an astigmatism.
Remember that an astigmatism is some sort of wave in
the shape of the cornea.
The first number of the two will have a plus or (more
typically) a minus in front of it. It represents the amount of
refraction needed by the wave.
The second number represents the direction (from 180 to
360 degrees) that the wave takes.
Add
Add means that a bifocal is needed and states the power
that it will be.
Typically, these range from +0.75 to +3.00.
Prisms
If the basic prescription is followed by a small
number with a superscript (1^) it indicates prism
correction.
There may be more than one set of prism
numbers for each eye.
Sample prescription
Sample prescription
Non-standard acuity notations
HM = hand motion
CF = count fingers at X feet
CSM = central steady and maintained
CSUM = central steady unmaintained
LP = Light perception
NLP = no light perception

And my very favorite


Unable to test
When glasses wont
help. . .
That is your job--
That is when you are vital

SO WHAT DO YOU DO
You Assess
You Plan based on the data
You Intervene implement you plan with all involved
Student
Parents/family
Teachers
And more
You modify and adapt the curriculum to give access
You assess again How is your intervention
going/working- is the student being successful has you
work made a positive impact
You inform
You train the student
To understand their abilites
To advocate for their needs
To raise their expections challnege them!
You OBSERVE, LISTEN, AND LEARN

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