HISTORY OF MUSIC

HISTORY OF MUSIC
HISTORY
Baroque
OF
Baroque
Period Period
Classical
Classical
1600-1750
1600-1750
Period Period 1750-1810
1750-1810
Romantic
Romantic Period Period 1810-1910
MUSIC
Modern
Modern Period Period
1810-1910
1900 onwards
1900 onwards

A girl with a pearl earring by Johannes Vermeer

 History of Music

Basic Elements
Texture
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Melody
Classical Period 1750-1810
Rhythm
Romantic Period Keyboard
1810-1910
Instrument
Modern Period 1900 onwards
Dynamics
Harmony
Orchestration
Musical Genres
Composers
 History of Music

Baroque Period 1600-1750

Baroque
Classical PeriodPeriod 1600-1750
1750-1810
Classical
Romantic PeriodPeriod 1750-1810
1810-1910
ModernRomantic
Period Period 1810-1910
1900 onwards
Modern Period 1900 onwards
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750

Baroque Period 1600-1750

Classical Period 1750-1810
The Portuguese word barroco meaning a
Romantic
highlyPeriod 1810-1910
ornamented piece of jewellery.
Modern Periodmusic was
Therefore 1900highly
onwards
ornamented
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Texture
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Classical
Early Baroque
Periodfavour 1750-1810
homophonic texture (melody with simple
chordal accompaniment)
Romantic Period 1810-1910
Middle Baroque
Modern Period polyphonic
1900
harmony)
texture (Contrapuntal / counterpoint
onwards
Late Baroque Multiple layers of melodies heard at the same time
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
1)
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Classical Period 1750-1810
Romantic Period 1810-1910
Modern Period 1900 onwards
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Melody
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Classical Period 1750-1810
Music based on major and minor scales
Romantic Period 1810-1910
(C D E F G A B C)
Modern Period 1900 onwards
Creates a feeling of continuity
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Rhythm
Baroque Period 1600-1750
ClassicalUse
Period 1750-1810
of same rhythmic pattern throughout
Romantic Period 1810-1910
Modern Period 1900 onwards
Keyboard Instruments

Organ, Clavichord and Harpsichord

 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Organ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nnuq9PXbywA
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Clavichord
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Harpsichord
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Dynamics
Baroque
Giving instructionPeriod
to perform loud1600-1750
or soft
Classical Period 1750-1810
Romantic Period
Use of Terraced 1810-1910
dynamics (The same melodic line is played
Modern Period
either soft or loud when1900 onwards
it is repeated)
Main dynamics were Soft (P- Piano) & Loud (F-Forte)
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Harmony
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Basso Continuo (Figured Bass) The accompaniment which
Classical Period
in bass 1750-1810
part was written with numbers which specify the
Romantic Period
chords to be played1810-1910
Modern Period
Usually 1900
played by two onwards
instruments

(Key board+ Low melodic instrument) = (Organ+ Cello)

Or (Harpsichord + Bassoon)
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Harmony
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Classical Period 1750-1810
Romantic Period 1810-1910
Modern Period 1900 onwards

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cF7317DK0NQ
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Harmony
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Classical Period 1750-1810
Romantic Period 1810-1910
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cF7317DK0NQ
Modern Period 1900 onwards
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Orchestra
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Orchestra
The orchestra begins to take shape, with the string section as
a firm basis
Always with keyboard instrument (basso continuo) to decorate
the musical texture
String ( Violin, Viola, Cello, Double bass, Theorbo )
Wood wind ( Flute, Oboe, Bassoon)
Brass ( Trumpet, Horn) Use crooks
Percussion ( Timpani)
Key Board ( Harpsichord)
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres

Vocal Opera
Oratorio
Instrumental Concerto Grosso
Solo concerto
Fugue
baroque sonata
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres - Opera
Originating in Italy in 1600
Dafne by Jacopo Peri is the earliest
Conveyed emotional content or primary entertainment to
the audience through music
The drama is presented using the primary elements of
theatre such as scenery, costumes, and acting
The words of the opera are sung rather than spoken
The singers are accompanied by the orchestra
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres - Oratorio
An oratorio is a large musical composition for
orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus
Based in religious libretto in bible
First Oratorio was The representation of soul and body
composed by Cavalieri
It differs from an opera in that it does not have scenery,
costumes, or acting
The words of the opera are sung rather than spoken
The singers are accompanied by the orchestra
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres - Oratorio

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres - Concerto

A piece in which the skill of a solo player(s) is displayed and

contrasted with an orchestra

Solo whole
Instrument + orchestra
(Ripieno)
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres - Concerto

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzTwO0zWrqU
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres Concerto Grosso

Concerto with contrasting sections for

Small group whole

of plyers + orchestra
(Ripieno)
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres Concerto Grosso

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhMdAdRtT8s
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres - Fugue
A polyphonic composition based on one theme called a
subject
The subject appears in different voices (Soprano, Alto,
Tenor or Bass) throughout the piece

Soprano Subject of the music

Alto Subject of the music
Tenor Subject of the music
Bass Subject of the music
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Genres Fugue

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_85VWhfSRA
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

German Composer
Began his musical life as a choir boy
At age 18 he worked as the church organist
He wrote music for every form except opera
Extremely religious person composed church
music
His famous work is 48 prelude and fugues for
harpsichord/organ
Composed over 1000 separate works for different
instruments
He died in 1750 in Liepzig in German
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

Keyboard works The Well Tempered

Clavier
Church music Mass in B minor
Passions (Story of Christmas Oratorio
Jesuss life in music)
Vocal & Instrumental

Instrumental works Brandenburg Concerto,

Partitas for Violin, Air on G string,
keyboard & cello
George Frideric Handel (1685- 1759)

German Composer
Began his musical career as a violinist and
harpsichordist at the Opera House Orchestra
Moved to London at age 25
Composed Operas
At age 60 he became blind & died in 1759 in
London
George Frideric Handel (1685- 1759)

Keyboard works Harmonious Blacksmith.

Church music Oratorios Messiah
(20) Israel and Egypt,
Joshua and Judas
Samson
Operas (50) Almira, Queen of
Castile
Rinaldo
Rodrigo
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIzgayrp7gE
 Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)

Italian priest, composer and violinist

Best known for his 400 Concerto Grossi and solo
concertos
Most famous work is a set concertos for solo violin
with string orchestra
Ex: Four Seasons
Each concerto depict a season which are Spring,
Summer, Autumn and winter
 Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)

Sonata Sonata for Violin,

Flute,
Obeo etc .
Concertos For violin- Spring,
Summer, Autumn,
Winter
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3nSvIiBNFo
 History of Music
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Summery
Early baroque - homophonic texture
Late baroque - polyphonic texture
Use of same rhythmic and melody pattern
Terraced dynamics
Basso Continuo
Key board - Organ, Clavichord and Harpsichord
Orchestra- string section held special character (played
main melody)
Genres Binary, Ternary, Rondo, Concerto, sonata
Composers- J.S. Bach, G.F. Handel, A. Vivaldi