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Image Processing Introduction and Application: Gaurav Gupta Shobhit Niranjan

This document provides an introduction and overview of image processing. It discusses what constitutes an image and how images are represented digitally. It also describes common image processing operations like negative and histogram equalization. Additionally, it outlines several applications of image processing like document handling, biometrics, object recognition and medical imaging. Finally, it provides examples of image processing research areas and links for self-study.

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51 views44 pages

Image Processing Introduction and Application: Gaurav Gupta Shobhit Niranjan

This document provides an introduction and overview of image processing. It discusses what constitutes an image and how images are represented digitally. It also describes common image processing operations like negative and histogram equalization. Additionally, it outlines several applications of image processing like document handling, biometrics, object recognition and medical imaging. Finally, it provides examples of image processing research areas and links for self-study.

Uploaded by

irfan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image Processing

Lecture 1
Introduction and Application
-Gaurav Gupta
-Shobhit Niranjan
Image Formation

f(x,y) = reflectance(x,y) * illumination(x,y)


Reflectance in [0,1], illumination in [0,inf]
Sampling and Quantization
Sampling and Quantization
What is an image?
 We can think of an image as a function, f, from R2 to R:
 f( x, y ) gives the intensity at position ( x, y )
 Realistically, we expect the image only to be defined over a
rectangle, with a finite range:
 f: [a,b]x[c,d]  [0,1]

 A color image is just three functions pasted together.


We can write this as a “vector-valued” function:
 r ( x, y ) 
f ( x, y )   g ( x, y ) 
 

 b ( x, y ) 

Images as functions
What is a digital image?

 We usually operate on digital (discrete) images:


 Sample the 2D space on a regular grid
 Quantize each sample (round to nearest integer)
 If our samples are D apart, we can write this as:
f[i ,j] = Quantize{ f(i D, j D) }
 The image can now be represented as a matrix of integer values
Image processing
 An image processing operation typically defines a
new image g in terms of an existing image f.
 We can transform either the range of f.

 Or the domain of f:

 What kinds of operations can each perform?


Negative
Log
Image Enhancement
Contrast Streching
Image Histograms
Histogram Equalization
Neighborhood Processing (filtering)

 Q: What happens if I reshuffle all pixels within


the image?

 A: It’s histogram won’t change. No point


processing will be affected…
 Need spatial information to capture this.
Programming Assignment #1
 Easy stuff to get you started with
Matlab
 Shobhit will hold your first tutorial

 Topics will be from next 2 lectures


Applications
&
Research Topics
Document Handling
Signature Verification
Biometrics
Fingerprint Verification / Identification
Fingerprint Identification Research at
UNR
Minutiae Matching

Delaunay Triangulation
Object Recognition
Object Recognition Research
reference view 1 reference view 2

novel view recognized


Indexing into Databases

 Shape content
Indexing into Databases (cont’d)

 Color, texture
Target Recognition

 Department of Defense (Army, Airforce,


Navy)
Interpretation of Aerial Photography

Interpretation of aerial photography is a problem domain in both


computer vision and registration.
Autonomous Vehicles

 Land, Underwater, Space


Traffic Monitoring
Face Detection
Face Recognition
Face Detection/Recognition Research at
UNR
Facial Expression Recognition
Face Tracking
Face Tracking (cont’d)
Hand Gesture Recognition

 Smart Human-Computer User Interfaces


 Sign Language Recognition
Human Activity Recognition
Medical Applications

 skin cancer breast cancer


Morphing
Inserting Artificial Objects into a Scene
Companies In this Field In India and came
to IITK*
 Sarnoff Corporation
 Kritikal Solutions
 National Instruments
 GE Laboratories
 Ittiam, Bangalore
 Interra Systems, Noida
 Yahoo India (Multimedia Searching)
 nVidia Graphics, Pune (have high requirements)
 ADE Bangalore, DRDO
Links for Self Study and a little Play

 http://undergraduate.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/2
33.412/

 http://www.netnam.vn/unescocourse/compute
rvision/computer.htm

 Book: Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition


by Gonzalez and Woods, Prentice Hall
Good Luck !!!

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