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Chlamydia Psittaci: Laboratory Diagnosis

Chlamydia psittaci is a bacterial pathogen that can infect humans through contact with infected birds. Laboratory diagnosis involves culture, antigen detection, serology, and molecular methods like PCR. Culture is the gold standard but is dangerous and difficult. Antigen detection and PCR are preferred. Serology detects antibodies but requires paired samples. Treatment involves doxycycline or tetracycline. Control involves testing and treating birds to prevent transmission to humans during close contact.

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87 views12 pages

Chlamydia Psittaci: Laboratory Diagnosis

Chlamydia psittaci is a bacterial pathogen that can infect humans through contact with infected birds. Laboratory diagnosis involves culture, antigen detection, serology, and molecular methods like PCR. Culture is the gold standard but is dangerous and difficult. Antigen detection and PCR are preferred. Serology detects antibodies but requires paired samples. Treatment involves doxycycline or tetracycline. Control involves testing and treating birds to prevent transmission to humans during close contact.

Uploaded by

Wade Jackson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chlamydia psittaci

Laboratory Diagnosis
Laboratory Diagnosis
• Culture
• Antigen Detection
• Serology
• Molecular Methods
Culture
• C psittaci is a Biosafety Level 3 pathogen
(Transmission of the organisms from patient
specimens or infected cell cultures can occur
though aerosolisation or splashes onto
mucous membranes)
• Culture can be dangerous and not a routine
procedure.
Culture
Advantages Disadvantages
Provides clinical isolates for genotyping, • Time-consuming
antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and • Technically difficult; requires
next generation sequencing specialized expertise
• Must be cultivated within a tissue
culture, mice, or chick embryo
• Few laboratories perform
Antigen Detection
Antigen detection by DFA staining or by
immunoassay or molecular diagnosis by PCR is
done in reference or research laboratories.
Serology
A confirmed case has:

A positive culture result or associated with a


compatible clinical illness plus a fourfold or
greater change in antibody titer to at least 1:32
or a single MIF IgM titer of at least 1:16.
Serology
Advantages:
Tests are available in many clinical laboratories

Disadvantages:
• Cross-reaction between species may occur
• Requires acute and convalescent samples, and
delays confirmation
Real-time polymerase chain reaction

Preferred Method

Advantages:
• Rapid detection
• Sensitive and specific
• Results can be obtained in time to guide
treatment decisions
• Useful for strain typing
Immunity
• Live or inactivated vaccines for C psittaci
induce only partial resistance in animals.
• Not been used on humans.
• A carrier state in humans can persist for 10
years after recovery.
• During this period, the agent may continue to
be excreted in the sputum.
Treatment
• Most infections are treated based only on the
clinical diagnosis.
• Doxycycline and tetracycline
• Alternatives: Macrolides and
Fluoroquinolones
Epidemiology and Control
• Since 2010, there have been fewer than 10
confirmed cases reported in the United States
each year.
• Outbreaks of human disease can occur
whenever there is close and continued contact
between humans and infected birds that
excrete or shed large amounts of infectious
agent
Epidemiology and Control
• Control of bird shipment, quarantine, testing
of imported birds for psittacosis infection, and
prophylactic tetracyclines in bird feed have
helped to control this source

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