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Information Technology Management

This document discusses different types of computers and information technology. It defines information technology as the acquisition, processing, storage, and dissemination of information using computers and telecommunications. It describes the basic components of a computer system including hardware like processors, storage devices, input devices, and output devices. It also discusses different types of computers like supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and personal computers. Supercomputers can process large amounts of data quickly and are used for applications like weather forecasting. Mainframes are large, expensive computers used by large organizations for critical applications. Minicomputers were smaller and cheaper than mainframes.

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107 views18 pages

Information Technology Management

This document discusses different types of computers and information technology. It defines information technology as the acquisition, processing, storage, and dissemination of information using computers and telecommunications. It describes the basic components of a computer system including hardware like processors, storage devices, input devices, and output devices. It also discusses different types of computers like supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and personal computers. Supercomputers can process large amounts of data quickly and are used for applications like weather forecasting. Mainframes are large, expensive computers used by large organizations for critical applications. Minicomputers were smaller and cheaper than mainframes.

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Ver Dnad Jacobe
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© © All Rights Reserved
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You are on page 1/ 18

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

MANAGEMENT
by: Dandrev J. Ausa
What is Information Technology?

■ A more formal definition of IT would be:


■ “the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of
vocal, pictorial, textual, and numeric information by a micro-
electronics based combination of computing and
telecommunications.”
DATA PROCESSING

■ Data processing is the use of automation (i.e. computers) to


process raw data (input) to create meaningful information
(output).
■ The machine themselves, that is the physical components
of a computer system, such as processor, screen, keyboard
and printer, are referred to as the computer hardware.
■ A computer process data. The elements of data processing
are input, processing, storage and output.
■ A computer’s operations are performed under the control of
a program. Programs are needed to make the computer’s
hardware process data. A program is set of instructions
which tells the computer what to do. General terms used to
describe programs are software or applications.
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

■ SOFTWARE
– Is the tangible part of the system, which comprises the
instructions to perform given tasks, ie the programs.
■ HARDWARE
– The physical part of the system; the computer,
peripheral devices, etc.
■ The basic components of a computer’s hardware consist the following.
a) All the devices can be shown diagrammatically, for example Input
devices accept input data for processing, converting it, if
necessary, into a form which the computer can understand and
operate on. A keyboard is an example of an input device.
b) Storage devices hold data and programs on file until they are
needed for processing and also hold the results after processing.
A hard disk is an example of a storage device.
c) Output devices accept output from the data processing device
and convert it into usable form. A printer is an example of an
output device.
d) A processor performs the data processing by taking in data from
input devices and storage devices, processing it, and then
transferring the processed.
■ Information to an output device or storage device. The processor has
its own memory to hold instructions, data and results while it is
working. Input devices, storage devices and output devices are often
referred to collectively as peripherals. The term ‘computer system’
refers to the processor together with its associated peripheral
equipment. The links between

STORAGE DEVICES

INPUT PROCESSOR OUTPUT

Figure 1.1 How a processor is linked to its peripherals


THE
■ SUPERCOMPUTERS
DIFFERENT ■ MAINFRAMES
TYPES OF ■ MINICOMPUTERS

COMPUTER ■ MICROCOMPUTERS
■ WORKSTATIONS
■ PCs
■ FILE SERVERS
■ PORTABLES
SUPERCOMPUTERS
■ Supercomputers are used to
process very large amounts
of data very quickly. They are
particularly useful for
occasions when many
calculations need to be
performed, for example in
weather forecasting.
■ Manufacturers of
supercomputers include
Cray and Fujitsu.
The IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer
"Intrepid" at Argonne National
Laboratory runs 164,000 processor
cores using normal data center air
conditioning, grouped in 40
racks/cabinets connected by a high-
speed 3-D torus network.
■ The history of supercomputing goes
back to the 1960s, with the Atlas at the
University of Manchester, the IBM 7030
Stretch and a series of computers at
Control Data Corporation (CDC),
designed by Seymour Cray. These used
innovative designs and parallelism to
achieve superior computational peak
performance.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER
cont.
■ MAINFRAMES
– Mainframe computers (colloquially referred to as "big iron")
are computers used primarily by large organizations for
critical applications; bulk data processing, such as census,
industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource
planning; and transaction processing.
– Mainframe computers are large computers in terms of
prices, power and speed. Typically, they cost over £1 million
and support several hundred users. Well-known
manufacturers include IBM and ICL.
■ The term originally
referred to the large
cabinets called "main
frames" that housed the
central processing unit
and main memory of early
computers. Later, the
term was used to
distinguish high-end
commercial machines
from less powerful units.
Most large-scale
computer system
architectures were
established in the 1960s,
but continue to evolve.
Mainframe computers are
often used as servers.
A pair of IBM mainframes. On the left is the IBM z
Systems z13. On the right is the IBM LinuxONE Rockhopper.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER
cont.
■ MINICOMPUTERS
– Originally used to describe computers which were cheaper and
less well equipped than mainframes, this term is becoming
obsolete.
– A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is a class of smaller
computers that was developed in the mid-1960s and sold for
much less than mainframe and mid-size computers from IBM and
its direct competitors.
■ First-generation Digital Equipment
Corporation (DEC) PDP-8 on
display at the National Museum of
American History
■ Data General Nova,
serial number 1, the
first 16-bit
minicomputer, on
display at the
Computer History
Museum
■ A PDP-11, model 40, an early
member of DECs 16-bit
minicomputer family, on
display at the Vienna
Technical Museum

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