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Fly by Wire

The document discusses fly-by-wire (FBW) systems used in aircraft. It provides an overview of the need for FBW, its history, introduction, components, control systems, types including analog and digital, applications, advantages and disadvantages. FBW systems use electrical signaling to replace mechanical and hydraulic flight controls, allowing for increased stability, maneuverability and safety through computer-configured controls. The document outlines the basic components and control loops of an FBW system.

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varun
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411 views26 pages

Fly by Wire

The document discusses fly-by-wire (FBW) systems used in aircraft. It provides an overview of the need for FBW, its history, introduction, components, control systems, types including analog and digital, applications, advantages and disadvantages. FBW systems use electrical signaling to replace mechanical and hydraulic flight controls, allowing for increased stability, maneuverability and safety through computer-configured controls. The document outlines the basic components and control loops of an FBW system.

Uploaded by

varun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

1 FLY-BY-WIRE(FBW)

BY:-
Mr. K M VARUN

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


2 CONTENT
 FBW
 Need for FBW
 History of FBW
 Introduction
 Flowchart of FBW
 Electronics of FBW
 Control of Aircraft
 Working
 Basic Control loop
 Types of FBW systems
 Applications
 Advantage and Disadvantages
 Conclusions
 Reference
Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018
3

Figure 1
Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018
4 NEED OF FBW

 Traditionally commercial gyroscopes were used to control aircrafts.

 Result - The response of the system not linear.

 Robust control can’t be achieved.

 Lift = ½. ρ.V^2.A.CL

 Flights overly responsive at higher speed and less responsive at lower speed.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


5 Speed

Control Maneuverability
is victory Strength

Agility

Figure 2
Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018
6 HISTORY OF FBW

 Mechanical and hydraulic connections replaced with electrical ones.

 Electronic signaling of the control surfaces was tested in the 1950s.

In 1972 first fly-by-wire aircraft was tested for flying.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


7 INTRODUCTION

 “Fly-by-wire" implies a purely electrically-signaled control system.

 Used in the general sense of computer-configured controls.

 Computer system interposed between the operator and the final control actuators.

 Manual inputs of the pilot modified in accordance with control parameters.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


8 INNER VIEW OF A FBW FROM A AIRCRAFT

Figure 4

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


9 FLOWCHART OF A TYPICAL FBW DESIGN

Figure 3

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


10 ELECTRONICS IN FBW

 Microcontroller becoming very popular.

 Basically Arduino based ATmega microcontroller are used in


aircrafts.

 Advantage – Fast response, inbuilt ADC, reprogramming etc.

 Example Arduino Atmel ATmega328P microprocessor.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


11 CONTROL OF AN AIRCRAFT

 Stability and control governed by movement in 3 dimensions.

 Aircraft motion involves controlling roll, pitch, yaw.

Figure 5
Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018
12

Figure 6

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


13 WORKING
 Pilot sends control inputs via 2.4 GHz radio link transmitter.

 A receiver (RX) translates it into 50Hz PWM signals b/w 1000


& 2000 µsec in pulse width (setpoint).

 Gyro readings translated and compared with Rx pulse widths.

 Difference b/w the setpoint and gyro reading = error signal.

 Error signal fed to PID controller along with velocity data.

 Final signals passed to servo actuators make the aircraft


Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018
change its flight.
14 BASIC CONTROL LOOP

Figure 7
Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018
15 SIMPLE FEEDBACK MECHANISM IN FBW
SYSTEM

Figure 8
Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018
16 2 TYPES OF FBW SYSTEMS

 Analog systems

 Digital systems

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


17 ANALOG SYSTEMS

 Replace hydromechanical or electromechanical control systems


with electronic circuits.

 Control system in cockpit operate signal transducers, to generate the


appropriate electronic commands.

 Signals are then processed by an electronic controller with


an analog signal.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


18 DIGITAL SYSTEMS

 A digital FBW control system similar to its analog counterpart.

 Pilot literally can "fly-via-computer“.

 Increases the flexibility of the flight control system.

 Multiple redundancy techniques.

 Increase electronic stability, as system is less dependent on the


values.
Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018
19 COMPARISON

ANALOG SYSTEMS DIGITAL SYSTEMS

Accuracy low. Accuracy high.

Circuit complication Circuit is simplified.

Calibration is tough. Calibration is easy.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


20 APPLICATION

 Technology used in both military and civilian aircraft.

 Satellite manufacturers use this technology in their vehicles and spacecraft.

 Space Shuttle

 Several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) - IAI Heron etc.

 Airbus A320, Boeing 777, Dassault Rafale, Stealth Bomber: F-117, Mikoyan MiG
29k etc.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


21 ADVANTAGES

 Reduced wear and tear due to less mechanical contacts.

 Intelligent control system.

 Higher accuracy and greater maneuverability.

 Increased safety and reliability.

 Improved survivability and mission performance.

 Ease of assembly and maintenance.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


22 DISADVANTAGES

 Sometimes software failure due to hacking.

 Technical issues.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


23 FUTURE DEVLOPMENTS

 Fly-by-wireless

 Power-by-wire

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


24 CONCLUSION

 Assisting pilot in controlling aircraft.

 Configured computer systems used to make aircrafts stable and


maneuverable.

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


25 REFERENCE

 Airbus fly-by-wire Taverse, Lacaze and Souyris - ICAS in 2006.

 http://airandspace.si.edu/

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018


THANK YOU

26
ANY QUESTIONS ?

Mechanical Dept. SIMAT 6/23/2018

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