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Integrity and Domain Constraints

This document discusses database constraints. It defines constraints as rules enforced on data columns to maintain integrity. The main types of constraints covered are NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY and DEFAULT. Syntax for applying constraints in SQL while creating tables is shown. Examples of each constraint type are provided. In conclusion, constraints help define valid data types and values for columns and ensure relations between tables.

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Aaditya Manandhar
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360 views

Integrity and Domain Constraints

This document discusses database constraints. It defines constraints as rules enforced on data columns to maintain integrity. The main types of constraints covered are NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY and DEFAULT. Syntax for applying constraints in SQL while creating tables is shown. Examples of each constraint type are provided. In conclusion, constraints help define valid data types and values for columns and ensure relations between tables.

Uploaded by

Aaditya Manandhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Database Presentation

Prepared By
Aaditya Manandhar
BIM 4th semester
Section A Roll no 1

Database Presentation 7/19/2018 1


 Introduction to constrains
 Syntax
 Constraintsused in SQL
 Use of Constraints
 About Integrity Constraints and its Type
 About Domain Constraints and its Type

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 Rules enforced on data columns on table.
 Purpose is to maintain data integrity
 Used to limit the type of data that goes into a table
 Other words, specifies the rules for the data in table
 Any violation between constraints and data it prevents it

 Syntax of SQL constraints while creating Table is shown


in next slide

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 CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type(size) constraint_name,
column_name2 data_type(size) constraint_name,
column_name3 data_type(size) constraint_name,
....
);

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 NOT NULL- Indicates that a column cannot store NULL value

 UNIQUE – Ensures that each row for a column must have a unique
value

 PRIMARY KEY- Uniquely Identify the tuple

 FOREIGN KEY- referential Integrity of data in one table to match


value in next table

 DEFAULT- Specifies the default value for column

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 Protect the integrity of the database

 To tell DBMS about the data

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 Also known as Referential constraints
 Ensures changes made to database do not result loss of data
consistency
 Impose restriction on allowable data in database

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1.Entity Integrity Constraints

2. Referential Integrity Constraints

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 Refers about Primary key in database
 Unique key to identify the tuple
 States that no attribute of primary key is null
 i.e. primary key cannot be a null value
 States that every relation must have a primary
key

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 every value of one column of relation to exist as
value of another column in different
table(relation)
 States about the foreign key
 Defines the relation between the tables
 Foreign key must reference a valid primary
key(Parent table)

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 Specifies what set of values an attribute can take
 User defined constraints

 They are elementary form of integrity constraints


 Test values inserted in the database and test queries to
ensure that comparison makes sense

 Data types associated are integer, character, string,


date, time etc
 Example: Age cannot be negative value or alphabets

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 NOT NULL Constraints
 UNIQUE Constraints
 Default Constraints

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 Strictthe column not to accept null value
 Enforces a field to contain value
 Cannot modify record without adding
value

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 CREATE TABLE PersonsNotNull
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)

 Here P_id must have some value which is of integer type and
 LatName should have character type value

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 Works as like primary key
 Uniquely identify each record in relation
 Many UNIQUE per table but only one
primary key

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 CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL UNIQUE,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)

 Here P_id must be a unique integer data type

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 Assign default value to field
 Value will only be assignesd when no
other value is specifeid
 Written as:
 City varchar(255) DEFAULT 'Sandnes'

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 CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255) DEFAULT ‘Kathmandu'
);

 Value ‘Kathmandu’ will be assigned if no value is given


in City column

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 Constraints defines way to insert data in
relation
 Helps us to know what type of data we
insert in relation
 Uniquely identifying records
 Create relation between tables

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 www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-constraints.htm

 beginnersbook.com/2015/04/constraints-in-dbms/

 www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_constraints.asp

 http://www.edugrabs.com/types-of-constraints-in-dbms-or-
relational-constraints/

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvYU9vlvDNY

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity_integrity

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