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Water Pollution in Lakes

The document discusses various topics related to water pollution in lakes, including stratification and turnover, biological zones, lake productivity classifications, nutrient requirements for algal growth, eutrophication, and acidification of lakes. It defines key terms, describes natural and human-caused processes, and identifies impacts such as reduced water quality and fish mortality.

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Nicely Eleccion
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53 views30 pages

Water Pollution in Lakes

The document discusses various topics related to water pollution in lakes, including stratification and turnover, biological zones, lake productivity classifications, nutrient requirements for algal growth, eutrophication, and acidification of lakes. It defines key terms, describes natural and human-caused processes, and identifies impacts such as reduced water quality and fish mortality.

Uploaded by

Nicely Eleccion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Water Pollution in

Lakes

Cañaveral | Eleccion | Gingoyon | Manto | Sarong | Ybarley


Limnology

the study of the biological,


chemical, and physical
features of lakes and other
bodies of fresh water.

2
Stratification
& turn over

Seasonal movement of water


from top (epilimnion) to bottom
(hypolimnion) in a lake.

3
Turn over

Let’s start with the first set of slides

4
Biological
Zones

Euphotic Zone

Littoral Zone

Benthic Zone
Euphotic Zone

✘ The upper layer of water through


which sunlight can penetrate ✘ Profundal zone – lies
✘ Plant growth below the euphotic
zone
✘ Depth is determined by the
amount of turbidity blocking ✘ Light compensation
sunlight penetration level – the transition
between the two zones
✘ Plants produce more oxygen by
photosynthesis than they
remove by respiration
Littoral Zone

✘ The shallow water near the shore in which


rooted water plants can grow
✘ The extent of the littoral zone depends on the
slope of the lake bottom and depth of the
euphotic zone
✘ Cannot extend deeper than the euphotic zone
Benthic Zone

✘ Bottom sediments
✘ Bacteria are always present
✘ Presence of worms, insects and other higher life
forms
LAKE
PRODUCTIVITY
 a measure of its ability to support a food
web and may be determined by
measuring the amount of the algal
growth that can be supported by the
available nutrients.
 The base of the food web is algae
 Increased productivity generally results
in reduced water quality because of
undesirable changes that occur as algal
growth increases.
Classification of
Lakes
Oligotrophic

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

Senescent

10
Classification of Lakes

Oligotrophic Lakes
- have a low level of productivity due to
a severely limited supply of nutrients to
support algal growth.
- As a result, the water is clear enough
that the bottom can be seen at
considerable depths.
- Euphotic zone often extends into the
hypolimnion, which is aerobic.
Lake Tahoe
California-Nevada
Classification of Lakes

Eutrophic Lakes

- have a high productivity


because of an abundant supply of
algal nutrients.

- algae cause the water to be


highly turbid, so the euphotic
zone may extend only partially
into the epilimnion.
Classification of Lakes

Mesotrophic Lakes

- lakes which are intermediate


between oligotrophic and
eutrophic

- substantial depletion of
oxygen may have occurred in
the hypolimnion, it remains
aerobic.
Penland Lake
Oregon
Classification of Lakes

Senescent Lakes

- very old, shallow lakes which have thick organic


sediments and rooted water plants in great
abundance

- these lakes wil eventually become marshes


Dwarf Lake
Sky Lakes Wilderness
EUTROPHICATION
Is a natural process in which lakes gradually
become shallower and more productive
through the introduction and cycling of
nutrients

Thus, oligotrophic lakes gradually pass through


the mesotrophic, eutrophic, and senescent
stages, eventually filling completely
Cultural Eutrophication

- caused when human activity speeds the


processes naturally occurring by increasing the
rate at which sediments and nutrients are added
to the lake.

- lake pollution can be seen as the intensification


of a natural process
Algal growth
requirements
MACRONUTRIENTS
a. CARBON
b. NITROGEN
c. PHOSPHORUS
NOTE!
d. MICRONUTRIENTS
For algae to grow,
- TRACE ELEMENTS
ALL nutrients must be
available
C ARBON

✘ Obtained from carbon


dioxide in water

✘ When algae are either


consumed or die and
decompose, the organic
carbon is oxidized back to
carbon dioxide
N itrogen
✘ Usually in the form of nitrates [NO−
3]

✘ Converting nitrogen gas to organic


nitrogen though nitrogen-fixing bacteria
such as cyanobacteria

✘ Comes from external sources by way of


inflowing streams or groundwater

✘ Aerobic
○ When taken for algal−growth, forms
amino-nitrogen NO2
○ When algae dies, forms ammonia
[NH3 ]

✘ Anaerobic
○ Nitrate is reduced to [N2] through
denitrification
P hosphorus

✘ Originates from external


sources

✘ Taken up by algae in the


inorganic form [PO3−
4 ] and
incorporated into organic
compounds

✘ When algae dies, returns to


its inorganic form
Trace elements

✘ a chemical element
required only in minute
amounts by living
organisms for normal
growth

✘ Most fresh waters have


sufficient amounts for a
substantial algal population
Acidification
of
lakes
Acidification of lakes

👉 Change towards more acidic conditions in


lakes

👉 A lake can be considered acid or slightly


acid when pH is below neutral (<6.5). More
evident biological consequences will
develop at pH < 5.5.
Causes
✘ Acid Rain
is caused by emissions of sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react
with the water molecules in the
atmosphere to produce acids.

✘ Buffer Solution
a solution that resists changes in pH
when acid or alkali is added to it.
Harmful Effects

✘ Fish and other aquatic animals will die in


water with low pH.

✘ Acidified water cannot be used for drinking.


First the water has to be neutralized (neutral
pH), as acidic water is damaging to your
health and could possibly cause kidney
problems.

✘ High aluminum concentrations are often the


trigger that kills fish
Solution

✘ Liming Method
de-acidification of the lakes by
adding a suspension of calcium
carbonate.

✘ Stop air pollution at its source and so


reduce acid rain.

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