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Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

This document provides information about well logging tools and techniques. It discusses open hole logging tools like gamma ray, spontaneous potential, neutron, sonic, and density logs. It also discusses cased hole logging tools like cement bond logs and casing collar locators. Production logging tools like temperature and noise logs are also mentioned. Well cementing techniques and purposes are summarized along with common cement additives and their functions.

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KRUNAL Parmar
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16 views20 pages

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

This document provides information about well logging tools and techniques. It discusses open hole logging tools like gamma ray, spontaneous potential, neutron, sonic, and density logs. It also discusses cased hole logging tools like cement bond logs and casing collar locators. Production logging tools like temperature and noise logs are also mentioned. Well cementing techniques and purposes are summarized along with common cement additives and their functions.

Uploaded by

KRUNAL Parmar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING,


THE MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIVERSITY OF BARODA
What Well Log Provide ?
Logging Truck
Logging Tool
Logging Services

Open Hole Logging Cased Hole Logging Production Logging


1.Gamma Ray Logging 1.Cemet Bond Log 1.Temperature Log

2.Spontaneous Potential 2.Casing Collar Log 2. Fluid Capacitance


Logging Log
3. Neutron Log 3. Noise Log

4. Sonic Log

5. Density Log
What Is Open Hole Logging?
• It refers to logging operation that are performed on a
well before the wellbore has been cased and cemented.
• Open hole logging is done through a bareback sides of
the formation
• Log recorded in open hole are basically used for…….
1.Estimating thickness, porosity, permeabiliy
and hydrocarbon saturation of the well.
2.Formation evaluation and identification of
lithology.
• GR log is a mesurement of Natural Radioactivity of the formation.
• Different element have different capacity to emit gamma ray , it is due
to presence of radio active material like
Uranium,Thoriam,Pottasium.
• Gamma ray tool have no source only have detactor which can
measure the range of gamma ray.
• Low Radioactivity :-Sandstone,Lime stone,dolomite.
• High Radioactivity:-Shales,feldspar,Volcanic Ash.
• SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL LOG:-
• SP log measures the Natural or Spontaneous Potential Difference
between the Bore Hole and Surface of Electrode.
• Mesurement of Potential Difference in milivolts.
• Electric current arising due to electrochemical factors like salinities.
• It is use detect permeable bed and it’s boundaries & also use to find
volume of shale in the bed.

• SONIC LOG:-
• Sonic tool mesure the time it takes for a pulse of sound to travel from
transmitter to receiver which both are mounted on the tool.
• Unit :- micresecond/ft.
• It is use to find pore pressure,compaction of sediments& compostion of
bed (carbonates,shales,sands)
• NEUTRON LOGGING :-
• The neutron log is sensitive mainly to the amount of Hydrogen atoms
which is present in the formation.
• Mainly use in determination of porosity of formation.

• DENSITY LOGGING :-
• Use to Determine Rock Bulk Density.
• Use to find source rock.
• Use Radioactive Source which emits gamma rays which apllied to
borehole well which collide with the electrones in the formation.
• In denser formtion more electrones are present so more energy loss due
to colession.
What is cased hole logging?
• Cased hole logging involves logging measurements
through the well casing or metal piping that inserted
into the well during completion operation.
• CEMENT BOND LOG(CBL) :-
• Proper cement placement between the well casing and formation is
essential.
• CBL is use to evalution of integrity of cement work.
• Transmitter send acoustic wave to casing/cement and receiver receive
acoustic signal that transfer through casing/cement ,acoustic wave at
receiver is converted to amplitude.
• Low amplitude :- Good cement bond.
• High amplitude:-Poor cement bond.

• CASING COLLAR LOCATOR(CCL) :-


• CCL tool contain coil & magnet arrangement with amplifier.
• Use to find damage of casing or tubing.
• CCL is magnetic device, sensitive to increase metal mass at a casing.
• Production logs are use to know nature &behavior of fluid around
the borehole during production or analyzing well performance
and productivity and problems.

• TEMPRATURE LOG :-
• Principle :-Resistance change as temp change.
• Temp logging tool have cage which is open to the well bore fluid at tool’s
bottom end. Inside the cage it contain thermistor that sense the
surrounding fluid temp.

• NOISE LOG :-
• Noise log is an inexpensive way to investigate whether there is channeling
in production well.
• Noise log tool contain microphone that highly effective in detection of flow
inside & outside the cased wall.
• A leaking well can damage the environment and result in lost production.
.• WHAT IS WELL CEMENTING ?
• Well cementing is the process of introducing cement to annular
space between the wellbore and casing or to the annular space
between two successive casing .

• WHY CEMENTING REQUIRED ?


• To support the vertical & radial loads apllied to casing.
• To protect casing from corrosion.
• To restrict fluid movement between formation.
• To support the well bore.
• Additives modified set time , rheological & filtration properties and
density of cement.

1. ACCELERATOR :- Use for shortening the thickening time.


sodium chloride , calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium silicate.

2. RETARDERS :- It delays slurry’s set time, this delay allows the


cement to be placed before hardening occur.
• This additive needed when long pumping time required & temp is high.
• HR- 12 :-reddish brown powder which is mixture of lignosulphonate
derived from wood & organic acid.
• EFFECTIVE TEMP RANGE:-104 to 171 Celsius.
• MANUFACURER:-Halliburton
3.DISPERSANTS :- Also called friction
reducer. These material make cement
slurries easier to mix and pump by making
them less viscous.
• CRF-3 :-red brown solid.
MANUFACTURER:-Halliburton
• DO-65 :-light brown powder.
MANUFACTURER:-Dowell.
4.FLUID LOSS ADDITIVE :- It is use to
reduce excessive losses water to the
formation.exessive water losses prevent
cement hardening correctly.
• DO-60 :-blend of medium m.w polymer.
MANUFACTURER:-Dowell
• HALAD -413 :-solid brown/black
powder.
MANUFACTURER:-Halliburton
5.ANTIFOAM AGENT :-
This additive use to prevent air
entrapment in the slurry during mixing.
DO-47
• First of all calculate required amount of cement from wellbore
diameter and well depth.
• Batch mixers are use to combine Dry cement with water to create the
wet cement(slurry).
• Additives are added.
• After casing cementing head is fixed to the top of the well to receive slurry
from pumps.
• Two cementing plugs ,that sweeps inside of casing, bottom plug and top
plug.

• From the cementing head slurry enter to the well.


• Head contain top plug and bottom plug at the bottom of the well.
• Calculated amount slurry pump to a casing over bottom plug then top
plug release from the cement head.
• As the pressure on cement into the well increases the diaphragm of
bottom plug is broken and permitting the slurry to flow through it &
rising up in space between casing and wellbore.

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