Human Trafficking

Muhammad Umar Siddique 473/6

Probationer Course T/ASI
Police College Sihala
 Introduction
Human trafficking is a group of crimes involving the
exploitation of men, women and children for financial
gains which is violation of fundamental human rights.
Human trafficking is the 3rd largest international crime
Over one million people trafficked annually.Millions of
men,women and children are victims of human trafficking
Human trafficking is a part of the larger problem of
slavery.
 Cont…
human trafficking is when people are transported, by
force or deception, to become enslaved
Traffickers use blackmail, abuse, and threats to force
victims to comply with their wishes in the destination
country
Usually caused by poverty/lack of economic
opportunities, especially for women and children, and a
demand for certain services in the destination country
 Definition
Illegal transportation of people for forced labour, sex
exploitation, forced marriages…
Human trafficking is the recruitment, and transportation
of people for the purpose of exploitation
Trafficking of human beings is their trade or commercial
dealing
Human trafficking is a process of people being recruited
in their community and country of origin and transported
to the destination where they are being exploited for
purposes of forced labor, prostitution, domestic
servitude, and other forms of exploitation
 CAUSES OF TRAFFICKING
Unemployment
Poverty
Absence of a social safety
Political instability
 WHO ARE TRAFFICKED?
• Women and children are the key target
• People of low income
• People with low level of education
• Young girls running away from home
• People who lack awareness of their legal rights
• Women and children of varying ages
 TRAFFICKED FOR WHAT?
A large percentage for Forced labour e.g. in
prostitution construction
The entertainment Drug trafficking
industry Begging
Sweatshops Other exploitative forms
Illegal adoption of of work
children
Organ transplants
Forced marriages
Mail-order brides
Domestic work
 Involvement of Persons
• Throughout the entire human trafficking process there
are 4 people involved:
• The recruiter
• The trafficker
• The victim
• The human trafficking industry
 The Victims
The majority of trafficking victims are between 18 and 24
years of age

An estimated 1.2 million children are trafficked each year

95% of victims experienced physical or sexual violence

during trafficking (based on data from selected countries)
 Cont…
43% of victims are used for forced commercial sexual
exploitation, of whom 98 per cent are women and girls

32% of victims are used for forced economic

exploitation, of whom 56 per cent are women and girls

Many trafficking victims have at least middle-level

education
 How Are Victims
Trafficked?
Force, fraud and coercion are methods used by traffickers to
press victims into lives of servitude, & abuse
Force: Rape, beatings, confinement
Fraud: Includes false and deceptive offers of employment,
marriage, better life
Coercion: Threats of serious harm to, or physical restraint of,
any person; any scheme, plan or pattern intended to cause
victims to believe that failure to perform an act would result in
restraint against them; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the
legal process
Traffickers Use Multiple Means to
Control Their Victims
• Beatings, burnings, rapes, and starvation
• Isolation
• Psychological abuses
• Drug or alcohol dependency
• Document withholding
• Debt bondage
• Threats of deportation
• Threats against the victim’s family or friends in his/her
home country
 ABUSES
• Trafficked women and children may experience the
most horrifying abuses:
• Rape
• Physical abuse, including beatings with weapons
• Threats and violence against them and their family
• Verbal abuse
• Imprisonment
 Cont…
• Little or no access to health care
• Minimum food and of poor quality
• Dirty and cramped living conditions
• Forced abortions
• Forced use of drugs and alcohol

• Trafficked women and children are kept in an

environment of fear
 Who Provides Victim
Services?
• NGO – Non Governmental Organizations
• Faith-Based Organizations
• Social Service Providers
• Domestic Violence Shelters
 General Facts on
Trafficking
Victims are typically exploited by someone from their
own country.
Victims rarely self-identify when they are approached or
rescued.
Physical security is the greatest perceived need of most
victims.
 Philosophy of a Trafficker
False promises & dreams
Cut off from friends/family- take your ID
Beat & rape into submission
Sell to strangers
Control every aspect of miserable life
If you call the police, I will kill you, harm your family
 Recruitment tactics used
by traffickers
False promises of…

 A good job
 A better life
 Love
 Marriage
 An opportunity to provide for their family
 Educational opportunities
 How Does it Sometimes
Happen?
Poor families sell children
Children work to buy freedom
Poor, desperate women/men Promised jobs
Bonded into a debt they have NO chance of repaying (
Usually in Brick making industry)
 Living and working
conditions
Physically demanding work
Under constant watch or supervision
Threats of physical harm or deportation
Isolation from the public and other victims
High risk for work-related injuries
High risk for sexually-transmitted diseases
Physical and psychological abuse and/or trauma
Long hours and little or no compensation
Little or no medical attention
Malnourishment
 Impact of Human
Trafficking on the Society
Fuels organized crime
Deprives countries of human capital
Promotes social breakdown
Undermines public heal
Subverts government authority
Imposes enormous economic cost
 Impact of Human
Trafficking on Victims
Loss of support from family and community
Loss of proper education
Obstacles in physical development
Psychological Traumas
 Some reasons why human
trafficking is not noticed
Victims do not identify themselves due to fear and
shame
Traffickers keep their victims secluded from the outside
world
Traffickers force their victims to be happy and tell them
what to say
Many people do not know about it and do not report it
 Identifying Victims of
Trafficking
Key Questions for Victims of Trafficking:
How did you get here?
Where do you live, eat and sleep?
Do you owe someone money?
Is someone keeping your legal/travel documents?
Were you threatened if you tried to leave?
Has your family been threatened?
Were you ever physically abused?
Were you ever forced to stay in one place?
Who are you afraid of?
 Victims of Trafficking and
Their Needs
Immediate assistance
Mental health assistance
Income assistance
Legal status
 What can you do to help
prevent human trafficking?
Call your local police department
Report suspected trafficking crimes
Get help by calling the Federal Investigation Agency’s
help line in Pakistan
Contact the Anti Trafficking Unit of FIA
 Some Reasons on Child
Trafficking in Pakistan
Economic deprivation (e.g., poverty)
Lack of employment opportunities
Low social status
Low levels of education and general awareness
Socio-cultural norms
Political uprisings (Suicide bombers)
 Traditional religious and cultural practices
Child Trafficking Indicators
Evidence of sexual, physical, mental or emotional
abuse
Engagement in work unsuitable for children
Identification by employer or someone else
No access to family members or friends
Not in school or significant gaps in schooling
Work long hours
 Cont…
Living in workplace or with employer
Owing large sum of money
Appear unusually fearful for family members
 General Challenges to
Identification
Hidden nature of the crime
Lack of understanding and awareness about human
trafficking
Perception that victims are criminals
Trafficking victims rarely self-identify
If arrested, trafficking victims may not disclose their
situation out of fear/trauma
Some are mistakenly identified as adults
 Who are the Victims?
Homeless and/or runaway youth
As many as 2.8 million children live on the streets
Youth with history of abuse
Youth with low self esteem, depression
Youth with one parent in jail
Age is the greatest vulnerability factor
 Step 1: Victim
identification
Objective: To identify migrants who have been
exploited as victims of trafficking so that appropriate
response measures can be taken—both legal and
social
Example: Removal of victims of trafficking from
confinement or detention to specialized safe houses or
shelters.

A VICTIM CENTERED APPROACH

 Step 2: Shelter and
recovery
Objective: To provide safe accommodation and
comprehensive medical and social support for
individuals identified as victims of trafficking
Shelters should provide:
Food
Accommodation
Basic medical care,
Access to comprehensive medical and psychosocial care or other
social services
If appropriate, access to STD/STI testing and treatment (not forced
testing)
 Cont…
Referral system for physical or psychological care
beyond the shelter’s capabilities
Appropriate security measures (during stay and
transfer)
Information about the case and the victim gathered in
a confidential and non-threatening manner
 Step 3: Return
Objective: To ensure safe and secure voluntary travel
of the trafficking victim from the shelter or safe-house to
appropriate place of residence
Facilitated voluntary return – not forced deportation
Documentation / establishing identity
Security arrangements and escorts
Transport arrangements
Transit and reception arrangements
Travel documentation / visa arrangements
Safe and dignified
 Step 4: Reintegration
Objective: To facilitate the successful social integration
of the victim into her/his family (where appropriate) and
society
Examples:
Family tracing and assessment
Psychosocial assistance
Social welfare assistance
Vocational training
Peer-to-peer support
Non-formal education
Legal assistance
 Cont…
Reintegration ≠ Return

Preventing re-trafficking
Reintegration begins prior to return
Developing links with service providers in the home
country / community
 Successful Return, Recovery
and Reintegration is based on:
Complete Case Reports
Plans that are based on individuals themselves—self
determination
Protection of Victims at destination areas
Family Tracing
Family Assessment
Decision making on return – to family or alternative
options
 Cont…
Processing Travel Documents
Turn-over and reception process
Reintegration support
Monitoring and follow-up on reintegration
A human rights centered approach