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Neonatal Sepsis

This document discusses neonatal sepsis and infections. It describes risk factors for infection like maternal fever and prolonged rupture of membranes. Signs of infection include inability to breastfeed, convulsions, and fever. Localized infections show fewer signs while generalized infections require hospital admission and IV antibiotics. Prevention focuses on hygiene while management consists of supportive care, antibiotics, and feeding assistance. Special protocols address HIV, TB, and syphilis in at-risk babies.

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Justine Nyangaresi
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383 views20 pages

Neonatal Sepsis

This document discusses neonatal sepsis and infections. It describes risk factors for infection like maternal fever and prolonged rupture of membranes. Signs of infection include inability to breastfeed, convulsions, and fever. Localized infections show fewer signs while generalized infections require hospital admission and IV antibiotics. Prevention focuses on hygiene while management consists of supportive care, antibiotics, and feeding assistance. Special protocols address HIV, TB, and syphilis in at-risk babies.

Uploaded by

Justine Nyangaresi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Division of Reproductive Health

Neonatal Sepsis

DRH/MOH

Division of Reproductive Health


Learning Objectives
• Describe ways of preventing neonatal infections.

• Identify Risk factors for neonatal infections.

• Identify signs of neonatal infections.

• Describe management of neonatal infections.

• Describe the management of congenitally


transmitted specific infections.

Division of Reproductive Health


Risk factors for neonatal infections
Maternal factors Newborn Factors
• High fever (temperature • Prematurity and low birth
>37.9 C before delivery weight
or during labour).
• Ruptured membranes • Asphyxia
more than 18 hours
before delivery. • Hypothermia
• Foul smelling amniotic
fluid.
• Failure to observe
universal infection
prevention procedures
Division of Reproductive Health
Signs of severe infection in a newborn
• Unable to breastfeed. • Grunting
• Convulsions. • Severe chest in-drawing
• Drowsy or unconscious. • Central cyanosis
• Respiratory rate less than • Generalized body stiffness
20/min or apnea (cessation • Severe skin pustules
of breathing for >15 secs). • Others
• Respiratory rate greater  Deep jaundice
than 60/min.  Severe abdominal
• High pitched cry. distension
• Fever > 37.50C.  Bulging anterior fontanel

• Low temperature <35.50C.

Division of Reproductive Health


Signs of Localized Infections
• Less than 10 skin pustules

• Redness extending to the peri-umbilical area

• Umbilicus draining pus

• Oral thrush

• Painful/warm swollen joints

• Eye discharge

Division of Reproductive Health


Prevention of neonatal infections

• Observe universal precaution for prevention

• Routine care of the newborn

• Early diagnosis and management

Division of Reproductive Health


Management
• Admit/Refer to hospital if any of the danger signs are
present.
• Provide antibiotics therapy- Refer to basic paediatric
protocol.
• Treatment for local infections- Refer to basic
paediatric protocol.
• Treatment for eye infections- Refer to basic
paediatric protocol.
• Provide supportive care including vital signs and
feeding.
Division of Reproductive Health
Other Treatments
• Vitamin K: must be given to all sick infants
• If weight below 1.5kg’s give 0.5 mg
• If above 1.5kg’s give 1 mg of vitamin K (IM).

• Convulsions treat with IM phenobarbital:


• Loading dose of 20 mg/kg).
• If needed, continue with oral phenobarbital 5 mg/kg once
daily.

Division of Reproductive Health


Feeding
• Encourage the mother to • Increase the amount of fluid
breastfeed frequently to given over the first 3–7 days
prevent hypoglycemia. (total amount, oral or IV).
• If unable to feed orally, give
expressed breast milk by DAY MLS/KG/DAY
nasogastric tube. 1 60
• Withhold oral feeding and give 2 80
IV fluids in the following acute 3 100
phase in babies:
1 60
• Those having frequent
convulsions
• Those with severe • Then slowly increase to 150
abdominal distension ml/kg/day.

Division of Reproductive Health


Insertion of a Nasogastric Tube - I
• Hold tip of tube against child’s nose.
• Measure distance from nose to ear lobe, then to epigastrium.
Mark tube at this point.
• Hold child firmly.
• Lubricate tip with water. Pass it directly into one nostril,
pushing slowly.
• It should pass easily down into stomach without resistance.
• When measured distance is reached, fix tube with tape at
nose.

Division of Reproductive Health


Insertion of a Nasogastric Tube - 2
• Aspirate small amount of stomach contents with syringe
to confirm tube is in place (check that it turns blue litmus
paper pink).
• If no aspirate is obtained, inject air down the tube and
listen over the abdomen with a stethoscope.
• If in doubt about location of tube, withdraw and start
again.
• When tube is in place, fix 20-ml syringe (without the
plunger) to end of tube.
• Pour food or fluid into syringe, allowing it to flow by
gravity.
Division of Reproductive Health
Oxygen Therapy

Oxygen is needed in young infants with any of the


following signs:
• Central cyanosis
• Respiratory distress

Division of Reproductive Health


Methods of Oxygen Administration

Division of Reproductive Health


SPECIAL TREATMENT NEEDS FOR
BABIES AT RISK - HIV/ TB/ SYPHILIS.

Division of Reproductive Health


Learning Objectives

By the end of this session, the participant should be


able to:
• Identify babies at risk of congenitally transmitted
HIV, TB and Syphilis.
• Describe the management of these babies.

Division of Reproductive Health


Risk Identification

Ask, check, record if RISK


mother:

Tested VDRL Positive. CONGENITAL SYPHILIS

Tested HIV Positive. HIV TRANSMISSION

Receiving TB treatment TUBERCULOSIS


which began <2 months ago

Division of Reproductive Health


Management

Division of Reproductive Health


Summary
• Use universal precautions to prevent newborn
infections.
• Risk factors of neonatal sepsis are maternal
infection, prolonged rupture of membranes, Small-
for-age, asphyxia, hypothermia.
• Important to know the danger signs!!
• Must discriminate between localized and generalized
infection and treat appropriately.
• Important to identify babies at risk for congenitally
transmitted infections.

Division of Reproductive Health


Division of Reproductive Health

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