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Allergic Rhinitis: Dr. Fauziah Henny, SP - THT-KL

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal passages characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, itching, and rhinorrhea. It affects 38.2% of Indonesians and 19% of Americans, occurring more frequently in females. Symptoms are caused by an immunoglobulin E-mediated response to inhaled allergens like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. Diagnosis involves skin testing, total IgE levels, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment includes oral antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and decongestants. For refractory cases, allergen immunotherapy through subcutaneous or sublingual administration may be used.

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236 views14 pages

Allergic Rhinitis: Dr. Fauziah Henny, SP - THT-KL

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal passages characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, itching, and rhinorrhea. It affects 38.2% of Indonesians and 19% of Americans, occurring more frequently in females. Symptoms are caused by an immunoglobulin E-mediated response to inhaled allergens like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. Diagnosis involves skin testing, total IgE levels, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment includes oral antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and decongestants. For refractory cases, allergen immunotherapy through subcutaneous or sublingual administration may be used.

Uploaded by

Isra Abdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALLERGIC RHINITIS

By : Widia Zalvi
1310070100145

Supervisor :

Dr. Fauziah Henny, Sp.THT-KL

DEPARTMENT OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK


DR.PIRNGADI GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDAN
2018
Introduction

 Rhinitis is defined as inflammation of the nasal membranes by a symptom :


sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and rhinorrhea

 Epidemiology : - in indonesian : 38,2% incident (female 66%, male 44%)


- United States : 19% incident (female 52,9%, male 47,1%)

 Sign and symptom : sneezing, watery and nasal discharge,itching and nasal
obstruction.

 Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis is pharmacology


The External
Anatomy of the nose Nose

The External Nose


The Internal
Nose
Rhinitis is defined as inflammation of the nasal
membranes and is characterized by a symptom complex that
consists of any combination of the following:
Sneezing
nasal congestion
nasal itching
and rhinorrhea

Allergic Rhinitis ?
Epidemiology

70% 66%

60%
52.9%
50% 47%
44%
40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Indonesian (38,2%) United states (19%)
Male Female
• pollen
Inhaled • feathers
• Dust mite
• Eggs
Ingested • milk
• nuts

• penicillin
Injected • Bee sting

• Cosmetic ingredients
Contact • jewelry

Etiology ?
Pathophysiology?
Signs and
Symptoms

Sneezing Earache Tearing

Itching: Nose,
eyes, ears, Headache Red eyes
palate

Rhinorrhea Anosmia Eye swelling Malaise

Postnasal drip Congestion Fatigue Drowsiness


ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma)
Classification
Diagnosis :

• Allergy skin tests (immediate hypersensitivity testing): An in vivo method


of determining immediate (IgE-mediated) hypersensitivity to specific
allergens
• Total serum IgE: Neither sensitive nor specific for allergic rhinitis, but the
results can be helpful in some cases when combined with other factors

Differential Diagnosis :

 Non inflammatory rhinopathy (also know as vasomotor rhinitis)


 Non allergic chronic rhinosinusitis
TREATMENT :

• Pharmacotherapy :

 Antihistamin
 Nasal corticosteroids
 Decongestants

• Allergen immunotherapy :

 Subcutaneous immunotherapy
 Sublingual immunotherapy
Conclusions

 Most cases of allergic rhinitis respond to pharmacotherapy. Patients


with intermittent symptoms are often treated adequately with oral
antihistamines, decongestants, or both as needed. Regular use of an
intranasal steroid spray may be more appropriate for patients with
chronic symptoms.

 Allergen immunotherapy should be used in patients with refractory


symptoms or in those for whom pharmacotherapy is associated with
unacceptable side affect

 Two forms of allergen immunotherapy are now available :


subcutaneous injection and rapidly dissolving sublingual tablet.

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