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Introduction To Programming

This document discusses input/output stream manipulation in C++. It covers stream manipulators like endl, setw, setprecision that control formatting of output. It shows examples of using manipulators to set width, precision, base of number systems. It also covers I/O state flags like setf that control formatting by setting flags for number base, fill character, and alignment. The document provides an introduction to stream manipulation and formatting concepts in C++.

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Abdul Hannan Sohail
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116 views51 pages

Introduction To Programming

This document discusses input/output stream manipulation in C++. It covers stream manipulators like endl, setw, setprecision that control formatting of output. It shows examples of using manipulators to set width, precision, base of number systems. It also covers I/O state flags like setf that control formatting by setting flags for number base, fill character, and alignment. The document provides an introduction to stream manipulation and formatting concepts in C++.

Uploaded by

Abdul Hannan Sohail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Programming

Lecture 36
#include <iostream.h>
#include <fstream.h>
iomanip.h
 cin.eof ( ) ;
 cin.fail ( ) ;
 cin.bad ( ) ;
 cin.good ( ) ;
 cin.clrear ( ) ;
Manipulators
Stream
Manipulators
float PI = 3.1415926 ;
endl
cout << endl ;
cout << flush ;
Manipulator
With Arguments
Inline
Manipulator
cout.flush ( ) ;
Number System
 Binary
 Decimal

 Octal

 Hexadecimal
Example

int i = 10 ;
cout << i ;
10
Example
#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
int i = 10 ; Output
cout << oct << i << endl ; 12
cout << hex << i<< endl ; A
cout << dec << i << endl ; 10
}
White
Space
WS
Manipulator
setw
Example
#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
int i = 5 ;
cout << “The value of i is = ” ;
cout << setw ( 4 ) << i << endl ;
}
setfill
cout << setfill ( ‘*’ ) ;

A Character
Example
#include<iostream.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
Main ( )
{
int i = 4000 ;
cout << setfill ( ‘*’ ) << setw ( 10 ) << i << endl ;
}
Set Precision
Manipulator
Example
#include<iostream.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
float number = 6.67076632 ;
cout << setprecision ( 2 ) << number << endl ;
}
Example
#define PI 3.1415926
main ( )
{
cout << PI << endl ;
cout << setprecision ( 2 ) << PI << endl ;
}
setbase
Example
#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
int x = 10 ;
cout << setbase ( 8 ) << x <<endl ;
cout << setbase ( 16 ) << x <<endl ;
cout << setbase ( 10 ) << x <<endl ;
cout << setbase ( 0 ) << x <<endl ;
}
Same as setbase (10)
Input Output state flags

IOS Flags
width ( ) ;
cin.width ( 7 ) ;
cout.width ( 10 ) ;
cout.precision ( 2 ) ;
Example
#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
int i = 10 , j = 20 ;
cout << setw ( 7 ) << i <<endl ;
cout << j ;
}
Formatting Manipulation

 ios :: adjustfield
 ios :: left
 ios :: right
 ios :: left | ios :: right , ios :: adjustfield
cout.setf ( ios :: left , ios :: adjustfield ) ;

Set Flag
cout.fill ( ‘*’ ) ;
cout.fill ( '0' ) ;
Formatting Manipulation

cout.fill ( '0' ) ;
cout << setw ( 10 ) << number << endl ;
cout.setf ( ios :: hex ) ;
7ff
0111 1111 1111
showbase
showbase

cout.setf ( ios :: showbase ) ;


showbase
cout.setf ( ios :: showbase ) ;
cout.setf ( ios::dec , ios :: basefield ) ;
cout << x << '\n' ; // Outputs 77
cout.setf ( ios :: oct , ios :: basefield ) ;
cout << x << '\n' ; // Outputs 077
cout.setf ( ios :: hex , ios :: basefield ) ;
cout << x << '\n' ; // Outputs 0x77
ios :: scientific
cout.setf ( ios :: scientific ) ;
Scientific Notation
+/-

1.2334e +09
Fixed Point Notation
ios :: fixed
ios :: uppercase
What we learnt so far..

 Input Output Stream


 And their
Manipulations in C++

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