3D

TV
 A 3D television is a television that
employs techniques of 3D presentation,
such as stereoscopic capture, multi-view
capture, or 2D plus depth, and a 3D
display—a special viewing device to
project a television program into a
realistic three-dimensional field.
 How we see 3D?
 Basic principle—tricking our dumb, binocular brain into
interpreting a 2D image into one with depth.
 A key part of this process is binocular disparity.
It means each eye has a slightly different viewpoint.
 When an object is far away, the light traveling to one eye is
parallel with the light traveling to the other eye. But as an
object gets closer, the lines are no longer parallel -- they
converge and our eyes shift to compensate.
 When you focus on an object, your brain takes into account
the effort it required to adjust your eyes to focus on it as well
as how much your eyes had to converge. Together, this
information allows you to estimate how far away the object is.
 How to create 3D?
 It involves the usage of two cameras (or a camera
having two lenses), placed side by side with the
center of their lenses spaced approximately and
ideally, the same distance as the space between our
eyes.
 Both cameras record in sync and the resulting left
and right eye videos or images are then edited and
presented to the viewer (in cinemas) via different
techniques.
 Common 3D display technology
Projecting stereoscopic image pairs to the viewer
include:
 Passive glass:
 Anaglyphic 3D (with red-blue glasses)

 Polarization 3D (with polarized glasses)

 Active glass: Alternate-frame sequencing

 Auto stereoscopic displays (without glasses/headgear)
 Viewing through glasses
 Two sets of images are meant to be seen by only a
particular eye.
 Hence each eye can only see one set of images,
your brain interprets this to mean that both eyes are
looking at the same object.
 But eyes are converging on a point that's different
from the focal point -- the focus will always be
your television screen.
 That's what creates the illusion of depth.
 Anaglyphic 3D
Red-Blue glasses
 There are two sets of images slightly
e.g.
offset from one another. One will have a
blue tint to it and the other will have a
reddish hue.
 Anaglyph glasses use two different color

lenses to filter the images you look at on

the television screen.
 The two most common colors used are

red and blue.

 Red lens cancels red hued image & blue

lens cancels blue hued images.

 Polarization 3D
Polarized glasses
 Light waves of two images are projected at certain
angles.
 Each lens only allows light to pass through that is
polarized in a compatible way.
 It is more popular than anaglyph glasses because the
polarization don't distort the color of the image.
 But it's very difficult to use the polarization technique
for television-- most methods would require to coat
television screen with a special polarizing film first.
 Hence it is popular in projector based display.
 Active glasses
Alternate-frame sequencing
 An active glasses system alternates
between the two sets of images at very
high speeds.
 Active glasses have infrared (IR)
sensors that allow them to connect
wirelessly to television or display. As
the 3-D content appears on the screen,
the picture alternates between two sets
of the same image.
 The LCD lenses in the glasses
alternate between being transparent
and opaque in sync as the images
alternate on the screen.
 Thus two sets aren't shown at the
same time -- they turn on and off at an
incredible rate of speed.
Advantage of active glasses over passive
glasses

 It's easier to present 3-D in HD content using active

glasses than with passive glasses.
 That's because with a passive glass system, the
television has to display two sets of images at the
same time.
 An active glasses system alternates between the
two sets of images at very high speeds--it's less
information for the television to handle at any
particular moment.
But still have a problem with those glasses?

Stereoscopic method leads to two distinctive problems:

1) The glasses are really cumbersome and expensive, and
you don’t want to accidentally sit on one or lose it.
And what to do when we don’t have enough lenses.
2) Plus, it takes away the simplicity of television as it
stands today, where you simply hit the remote and start
watching.
3) Also, without the glasses, any 3D content is
completely unusable. The screen has been calibrated to
work with 3D content and so dropping the glasses
would end up displaying garbled images. 
 Auto stereoscopic display
Two main technologies that rely on it:

 Lenticular lenses

 Parallax barrier
 Lenticular lenses
 Magnified
Basically view of lens is an array of
A lenticular
lenticular or
magnifying lenses
directing lenses, designed so that
when viewed from slightly different angles,
different images are magnified.
 Lenticules are tiny lenses on the base side of a
special film.
 The screen displays two sets of the same image.
The lenses direct the light from the images to your
eyes--each eye sees only one image.
 It creates a particular space from which images can
seen clearly called ‘sweet spot’.
 Depending on the number of lenticules and the
refresh rate of the screen, there can be multiple
‘sweet spots’.
 Parallax barrier
 On a 3D screen, a very fine grating, called a "parallax
barrier", is placed in front of the LCD screen.
 The parallax barrier is a fine grating of liquid crystals
placed in front of the screen, with slits in it that
correspond to certain columns of pixels of the screen.
 It does the job of the polarizing glasses, directing light
from each image slightly in different direction so that
at a so-called "sweet spot" about 30 inches in front of
the screen the two images are separated just enough
that the brain will create a composite 3D image.
Advantage of parallax barrier over lenticular
lenses

is that the parallax barrier can be switched on and off

with ease (one button on the remote is all it would
take), allowing the TV to be used for 2D or 3D
viewing. So on a computer monitor, you could play
video games in full 3D glory and then easily switch
to 2D mode for your work requirements.
 The other ways of creating 3D
images
Light Field Display:
 creating images in 3D space (as opposed to
planar space).
 The system works by projecting high-speed
video onto a rapidly spinning mirror. As the
mirror turns, it reflects a different and accurate
image to each potential viewer.
 The display consists of a high-speed video
projector, a spinning mirror covered by a
holographic diffuser, and FPGA circuitry to
decode specially rendered DVI video signals.
The display uses a standard programmable
graphics card to render over 5,000 images per
second of interactive 3D graphics, projecting
360-degree views with 1.25 degree separation
up to 20 updates per second.
 The other ways of creating 3D
images
Using Laser
Overview of thePlasma:
3D-image spatial drawing device
 Device uses the plasma emission
phenomenon near the focal point of
focused laser light.
 By controlling the position of the
focal point in the direction of the x-,
y-, and z-axes, real 3D-images in
air (3D-space) can be displayed.
 The images are constructed from
dot arrays produced by a technique
combining a laser light source and
galvanometric mirrors.
 Standardization efforts
 To adopt a common and compatible standard for 3D in
home electronics.
 Content providers, such as Disney, DreamWorks, and
other Hollywood studios, and technology developers,
such as Philips, asked SMPTE for the development of
a 3DTV standard in order to avoid a battle of formats.
 MPEG has been researching on it; the first result of
this research is the Multiview Video Coding extension
for MPEG-4 AVC that is currently undergoing
standardization. MVC has been chosen by the Blu-ray
disc association for 3D distribution. The format offers
backwards compatibility with 2D Blu-ray players.
 3D broadcasting
 Starting on June 11, 2010 ESPN will launch a new channel dedicated to 3D
sports with up to 85 live events a year in 3D.
 Recently the British Sky Broadcasting company, better known as Sky UK,
has announced that they will be launching a Sky 3D channel in April 2010.
This will bring content such as sport, entertainment events, and other three-
dimensional programming to its subscribers. The system will require a
special "3D ready" television and Sky+HD DVR box. 
 On 1 January 2010, the world's first 3D channel, SKY 3D, started
broadcasting nationwide in South Korea by Korea Digital Satellite
Broadcasting. The channel's slogan is "World No.1 3D Channel". This 24/7
channel uses the Side by Side technology at a resolution of 1920x1080i.
3D contents include education, animation, sport, documentary and
performances.
 A full 24 hour broadcast channel was announced at the 2010 Consumer
Electronics show as a joint venture from IMAX, Sony, and the Discovery
channel. The intent is to launch the channel in the United States by year
end 2010.
 3D-ready TV sets
 Those that can operate in 3D mode (in addition to regular 2D mode), in
conjunction with LCD shutter glasses, where the TV tells the glasses
which eye should see the image being exhibited at the moment, creating
a stereoscopic image. These TV sets usually support HDMI 1.4 and a
minimum refresh rate of 120Hz.
 Panasonic debuted the world’s first 3D Full HD Plasma Home Theater
System in 2008 The system consist of a 50-inch Panasonic VT25
plasma 3D TV, 3D capable DMP-BDT350 Blu-ray player and one pair
of active shutter glasses.
 LG has announced the Infinia LX9900 LED 3DTV that will use active
shutter glasses.
 The Chinese manufacturer TCL has developed a 42-inch LCD 3D TV
called the TD-42F, which is currently available in China. This model
uses a lenticular system. It currently sells for approximately $20,000.
 3D mobile handset..!!
The Sharp mova SH251iS
 Japan's NTT DoCoMo unveiled

Sharp mova SH251iS

 It allows its user to take images

and then, using an editing system,

convert them into 3D.
 No special glasses are required,

although in order to see a quality

3D image the user has to be
positioned directly in front of the
phone, and around 1ft away from
its screen.
THANK
YOU