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Jester Iony 4

This document discusses different perspectives on what it means to know a language. It outlines two main types of language knowledge: linguistic competence and communicative competence. Linguistic competence refers to grammatical knowledge and was traditionally emphasized in language teaching. Communicative competence focuses on an individual's ability to use language appropriately in real communication. While linguistic competence provides a starting point, true language proficiency requires both formal knowledge and the ability to apply that knowledge communicatively and socially.

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zaid ahmed
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70 views12 pages

Jester Iony 4

This document discusses different perspectives on what it means to know a language. It outlines two main types of language knowledge: linguistic competence and communicative competence. Linguistic competence refers to grammatical knowledge and was traditionally emphasized in language teaching. Communicative competence focuses on an individual's ability to use language appropriately in real communication. While linguistic competence provides a starting point, true language proficiency requires both formal knowledge and the ability to apply that knowledge communicatively and socially.

Uploaded by

zaid ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Language and

Communication
Knowing a Language

What does it mean to know a language?


Does knowing a language imply native speaker insight and influency?
An ability to produce sentences with no grammatical errors?
The capacity to write elegantly and expressively?
Being able to get your meanings across and do what you need to do?
Or is it combination of these?
Knowing a Language

 There two types of language knowledge:


1. Linguistic knowledge
2. Communicative knowledge
Linguistic Competence

There are two views of linguistics competence

1.Grammar-Translation method (traditional language teaching)


• Isolating the formal systems of language (i.e. pronunciation, grammar,
and vocabulary) can be helpful as a first step.
• However, the traditional language teaching method should not imply
that this is the language learning there is.
• An emphasis on correctness can be seen as a strategic staging of
information.
Linguistic Competence
2.Chomsky’s Universal Grammar:
• Chomsky’s idea is that the human
capacity for language, as illustrated by
child acquisition of the language around
them, it is not the product of general
intelligence or learning ability, but an
innate, genetically determined feature
of the human species.
• We are born with considerable pre-
programmed knowledge of how
language works.
Linguistic Competence

Problems with Chomsky’s theory:


• Language becomes more biological than social and similarities
between languages outweigh the differences.
• Language is separated from other factors such as body language and
cultural knowledge.
• In applied linguistics, this theory can have a reductive and constrainin
g effect, excluding those factors with which applied linguistics is most
concerned.


Communicative competence

Communicative competence:
• According to Cook 2003 The communicative language theory
developed by Dell Hymes in the 1960s was a reaction to the theory of
Universal Grammar and Linguistic competence.
• According to Hymes, a person who linguistic competence
doesn’t necessarily mean that he/she would be able to communicate
using that knowledge
Communicative competence

• Hymes suggests that in order to be able to communicate language, a p


erson should acquire four types of knowledge:
 Possibility. Example: “Me sleep now”
 Feasibility.
 Appropriateness. As in : “calling a police officer darling”
 Attestedness. As in : “Chips and fish”
Influences of Communicative competence


 Influences of Communicative competence
o It was applied in teaching as the communicative approach.
o However, people jumped to market the concept of using language into
isolated teaching exercises.
o Also, the issue of appropriateness was enforced to the teaching of American
or British culture with no way for individual expression.
 Finally
o Language Knowledge is a combination of the two theories.
o There is no language without biology and social interaction.
Thank You

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